油葵鏽病是油葵的主要病害,大流行年份減產40%-80%。葉片、葉柄、莖稈、kuipandengbuweiranbinghoudoukexingchengtiexiubandebaozidui。yepianranbing,chuzaiyepianbeimianchuxianhesexiaobaoshibingjundexiabaozidui,biaomianpoliehousanchuhesefenmo,jibingyuanjundexiabaozi,houbingbushengchuxuduoheihesedexiaobao,jibingjundedongbaozidui,sanchuheisefenmo,jidongbaozi,fashengyanzhongdezhiyepianzaoqiganku。
二、傳播途徑和發病條件
寒(han)冷(leng)地(di)區(qu)病(bing)菌(jun)以(yi)冬(dong)孢(bao)子(zi)在(zai)病(bing)殘(can)體(ti)上(shang)越(yue)冬(dong),第(di)二(er)年(nian)條(tiao)件(jian)適(shi)宜(yi)時(shi),冬(dong)孢(bao)子(zi)萌(meng)發(fa)產(chan)生(sheng)擔(dan)孢(bao)子(zi)侵(qin)入(ru)幼(you)葉(ye),形(xing)成(cheng)性(xing)子(zi)器(qi),後(hou)在(zai)病(bing)斑(ban)背(bei)麵(mian)產(chan)生(sheng)鏽(xiu)子(zi)器(qi),器(qi)內(nei)鏽(xiu)孢(bao)子(zi)飛(fei)散(san)傳(chuan)播(bo),萌(meng)發(fa)後(hou)也(ye)從(cong)葉(ye)片(pian)侵(qin)入(ru),形(xing)成(cheng)夏(xia)孢(bao)子(zi)堆(dui)和(he)夏(xia)孢(bao)子(zi),夏(xia)孢(bao)子(zi)借(jie)氣(qi)流(liu)傳(chuan)播(bo),進(jin)行(xing)多(duo)次(ci)再(zai)侵(qin)染(ran),接(jie)近(jin)收(shou)獲(huo)時(shi),在(zai)產(chan)生(sheng)夏(xia)孢(bao)子(zi)堆(dui)的(de)地(di)方(fang),形(xing)成(cheng)冬(dong)孢(bao)子(zi)堆(dui),又(you)以(yi)冬(dong)孢(bao)子(zi)越(yue)冬(dong)。該(gai)病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)與(yu)上(shang)年(nian)累(lei)積(ji)菌(jun)源(yuan)數(shu)量(liang)、當dang年nian降jiang雨yu量liang關guan係xi密mi切qie,尤you其qi是shi幼you苗miao和he鏽xiu孢bao子zi出chu現xian後hou,降jiang雨yu對dui其qi流liu行xing有you重zhong要yao作zuo用yong。進jin入ru夏xia孢bao子zi階jie段duan後hou,雨yu季ji來lai的de早zao,可ke進jin行xing多duo次ci重zhong複fu侵qin染ran常chang引yin起qi該gai病bing流liu行xing。7-8月多雨發病重。
三、防治方法
1、種植抗病品種,並進行藥劑拌種,可用2%或6%戊唑醇拌種,以減輕發病。
2、加強前期管理,在苗期噴施愛多收4000倍以培育壯苗。合理施用磷鉀肥,重視大掌櫃中微量元素肥料的施用,並及時中耕。
3、可用80%A式多菌靈1200倍液或43%戊唑醇4000倍噴霧進行防治。
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