黃瓜霜黴病症狀識別:該病是一種毀滅性的病害,俗稱“跑馬幹”、“幹葉子”,yidanfabing,fazhanxunmeng,suoyitizaofaxian,jishifangzhifeichangguanjian。cibingzaigeshengyuqidoukefasheng,yishengchangzhonghouqijiaoweichangjian,zhuyaoweihaiyepian,wangwangxianzaipengshidiluchuhuowofengchufasheng,xingchengfabingzhongxin,zhihouxunsukuosan。fabingchuqizaiyebeixingchengshuijinzhuangxiaodian(清晨有露水時較明顯,露水消失後隱退),逐zhu漸jian擴kuo展zhan成cheng多duo角jiao形xing水shui浸jin狀zhuang斑ban,以yi後hou長chang出chu黑hei紫zi色se黴mei層ceng。葉ye正zheng麵mian病bing斑ban初chu期qi褪tui綠lv,逐zhu漸jian變bian成cheng黃huang褐he色se壞huai死si斑ban,多duo角jiao形xing,最zui終zhong多duo個ge病bing斑ban相xiang互hu連lian接jie成cheng片pian致zhi葉ye片pian枯ku死si。抗kang病bing品pin種zhong病bing斑ban擴kuo展zhan緩huan慢man,病bing斑ban較jiao小xiao,呈cheng多duo角jiao形xing或huo圓yuan形xing,背bei麵mian黴mei層ceng稀xi疏shu或huo沒mei有you。
黃瓜細菌性角斑病症狀識別:黃huang瓜gua幼you苗miao期qi和he成cheng株zhu期qi均jun可ke發fa病bing,主zhu要yao為wei害hai葉ye片pian。發fa病bing初chu期qi為wei水shui浸jin狀zhuang褪tui綠lv色se病bing斑ban,隨sui著zhe病bing情qing發fa展zhan病bing斑ban呈cheng多duo角jiao形xing,淺qian褐he色se。潮chao濕shi時shi葉ye背bei病bing斑ban溢yi出chu白bai色se菌jun膿nong,病bing斑ban後hou期qi幹gan燥zao時shi常chang穿chuan孔kong或huo破po碎sui。葉ye柄bing、卷須、果實和莖蔓也可受害,病斑沿莖溝縱向擴展,形成條斑,嚴重時病莖縱向開裂,染病瓜條有臭味。
黃瓜霜黴病與細菌性角斑病的區別:(1)前者病斑較大,顏色較深,黃褐色,不穿孔;後者病斑較小,顏色較淺,質脆易破裂穿孔。(2)前者潮濕時葉背病斑上產生黑紫色黴層;後者潮濕時葉背病斑上溢出白色菌膿,幹後留下白痕。(3)摘下病葉對太陽光觀察,前者病斑無透光感,後者有明顯透光感。(4)前者不為害瓜條;後者可為害瓜條,產生水浸狀、jinyuanxingbingban,chaoshishibingbanchanshengjunnong,bingbanxiangguatiaoneibukuozhan,weiguanshufujindeguoroubianse,bingguahouqifulanyouchouwei。zaizhengzhuangnabuzhunshikecaiyongjiandanfangfabianbie,jijiangbingyequxia,fangzaiyigeganjingdesuliaodaizhongshaolindianshui,yu15℃~20℃下放置24小時,若背麵病部有黑黴產生就是霜黴病,無黑黴而有菌膿溢出就是細菌性角斑病。
防治方法:1、因地製宜選用抗病品種。2、采用生態控製。合理調控溫濕度,晴天上午澆水,避免澆水後遇陰天,創造不利於發病的環境。3、及時選用對路藥劑防治,霜黴病可於發病初期選用100萬孢子/克寡雄腐黴可濕性粉劑、72%霜脲錳鋅可濕性粉劑、68%精甲霜·錳鋅水分散粒劑、52.5%噁唑菌酮·霜脲氰水分散粒劑等藥劑噴霧防治,在天氣利於霜黴病發生時,保護地可於發病前采用百菌清煙霧劑熏煙;細菌性角斑病可於發病初期選用77%氫氧化銅可濕性粉劑、或48%琥銅·乙膦鋁可濕性粉劑(兼防霜黴病)、或30%琥膠肥酸銅可濕性粉劑、或20%噻菌銅懸浮劑噴霧防治。每7-10天噴1次,視病情連續防治2-3次。
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