1. 使用農藥不可一味求新:在zai生sheng產chan中zhong,由you於yu大da棚peng菜cai種zhong植zhi時shi間jian長chang,往wang往wang病bing蟲chong害hai增zeng加jia且qie抗kang病bing性xing也ye越yue來lai越yue強qiang,不bu少shao菜cai農nong朋peng友you就jiu誤wu認ren為wei過guo去qu的de老lao農nong藥yao的de效xiao果guo不bu如ru以yi前qian了le,在zai這zhe種zhong思si想xiang支zhi配pei下xia,對dui新xin農nong藥yao青qing睞lai有you加jia,聽ting信xin商shang家jia宣xuan傳chuan新xin藥yao,也ye不bu問wen新xin藥yao的de藥yao理li特te性xing,價jia格ge如ru何he,盲mang目mu購gou買mai。難nan道dao新xin藥yao的de效xiao果真像商家宣傳的那樣好嗎?其實,新農藥雖然有自己的優勢,但它不是萬能的,也不能完全取代老藥。因為新農藥剛剛投入生產使用時,病蟲害還沒有對其產生抗藥性,用量少、效(xiao)果(guo)好(hao),與(yu)老(lao)農(nong)藥(yao)相(xiang)比(bi),的(de)確(que)有(you)很(hen)大(da)的(de)優(you)勢(shi)。如(ru)銀(yin)法(fa)利(li)對(dui)黃(huang)瓜(gua)的(de)霜(shuang)黴(mei)病(bing)效(xiao)果(guo)很(hen)好(hao),阿(e)米(mi)妙(miao)收(shou)防(fang)治(zhi)番(fan)茄(qie)葉(ye)黴(mei)病(bing)效(xiao)果(guo)很(hen)好(hao)。不(bu)過(guo)新(xin)農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)和(he)專(zhuan)一(yi)性(xing)強(qiang),殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji)不(bu)殺(sha)蟲(chong),殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)不(bu)殺(sha)菌(jun),能(neng)防(fang)治(zhi)這(zhe)類(lei)病(bing)害(hai)的(de)對(dui)另(ling)一(yi)類(lei)效(xiao)果(guo)不(bu)一(yi)定(ding)好(hao),這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)般(ban)的(de)規(gui)律(lv)和(he)常(chang)識(shi),所(suo)以(yi)說(shuo)不(bu)能(neng)認(ren)為(wei)新(xin)藥(yao)萬(wan)能(neng)。至(zhi)於(yu)有(you)的(de)商(shang)家(jia)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)他(ta)的(de)新(xin)藥(yao)是(shi)萬(wan)能(neng)的(de),什(shen)麼(me)"土壤菌蟲病毒統殺",shimeiyoukexuedaolide。congjinjinianguoneiwaishengchandexinnongyaolaikan,doushizhenduimouyizhonghuojizhongbinghaihuochonghaieryanzhide,bukenengduizhongduodebingchonghaidouyouxiaoguo,qiebukeguodudimixinxinyao,suoweibinghaichonghaidouyouhenhaoxiaoguodenongyaoshibukenengchuxiande。
如(ru)確(que)實(shi)需(xu)要(yao)購(gou)買(mai)新(xin)藥(yao)時(shi),首(shou)先(xian)要(yao)看(kan)其(qi)標(biao)明(ming)對(dui)何(he)種(zhong)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)有(you)效(xiao),是(shi)否(fou)具(ju)有(you)內(nei)吸(xi)性(xing)。因(yin)為(wei)頻(pin)繁(fan)地(di)使(shi)用(yong)內(nei)吸(xi)性(xing)農(nong)藥(yao),病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)抗(kang)性(xing),使(shi)新(xin)藥(yao)失(shi)去(qu)新(xin)的(de)優(you)勢(shi)。另(ling)外(wai),購(gou)買(mai)新(xin)藥(yao)時(shi),要(yao)看(kan)有(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)分(fen)和(he)通(tong)用(yong)名(ming),從(cong)有(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)分(fen)上(shang)辨(bian)認(ren)該(gai)農(nong)藥(yao)是(shi)否(fou)為(wei)新(xin)農(nong)藥(yao),不(bu)要(yao)被(bei)五(wu)花(hua)八(ba)門(men)的(de)包(bao)裝(zhuang)和(he)新(xin)奇(qi)的(de)名(ming)字(zi)所(suo)吸(xi)引(yin)迷(mi)惑(huo),誤(wu)把(ba)搖(yao)身(shen)一(yi)變(bian)的(de)老(lao)藥(yao)當(dang)成(cheng)新(xin)藥(yao)。當(dang)然(ran),我(wo)們(men)並(bing)不(bu)是(shi)一(yi)概(gai)排(pai)斥(chi)或(huo)否(fou)認(ren)新(xin)藥(yao),畢(bi)竟(jing)新(xin)農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)問(wen)世(shi),為(wei)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)藥(yao)劑(ji)選(xuan)擇(ze),但(dan)也(ye)不(bu)應(ying)由(you)此(ci)就(jiu)否(fou)定(ding)一(yi)些(xie)老(lao)農(nong)藥(yao)。因(yin)為(wei)有(you)不(bu)少(shao)老(lao)農(nong)藥(yao)還(hai)是(shi)很(hen)有(you)生(sheng)命(ming)力(li)是(shi)久(jiu)經(jing)考(kao)驗(yan)的(de)。如(ru)一(yi)些(xie)觸(chu)殺(sha)劑(ji),沒(mei)有(you)產(chan)生(sheng)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)抗(kang)性(xing)而(er)且(qie)價(jia)格(ge)較(jiao)低(di),應(ying)充(chong)分(fen)使(shi)其(qi)發(fa)揮(hui)優(you)勢(shi),或(huo)與(yu)新(xin)農(nong)藥(yao)交(jiao)替(ti)使(shi)用(yong)。如(ru)老(lao)藥(yao)百(bai)菌(jun)清(qing)是(shi)非(fei)內(nei)吸(xi)性(xing)殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji),對(dui)多(duo)種(zhong)真(zhen)菌(jun)性(xing)病(bing)害(hai)都(dou)有(you)很(hen)好(hao)的(de)防(fang)治(zhi)效(xiao)果(guo);福美雙可預防多種土傳和葉部病害,在土壤消毒和葉片保護方麵仍被廣泛地應用。
2. 草甘膦不與百草枯混合使用:草甘膦屬慢性內吸性傳導型除草劑,噴施到雜草上後,7~10天tian見jian效xiao,可ke通tong過guo雜za草cao莖jing葉ye吸xi收shou並bing向xiang下xia傳chuan導dao全quan株zhu,直zhi至zhi根gen係xi,從cong而er殺sha死si多duo年nian生sheng深shen根gen植zhi物wu的de地di下xia根gen莖jing,也ye可ke在zai同tong一yi植zhi株zhu的de不bu同tong分fen蘖nie間jian進jin行xing傳chuan導dao,殺sha死si未wei接jie觸chu到dao藥yao劑ji的de分fen蘖nie或huo分fen枝zhi,斬zhan草cao能neng除chu根gen,效xiao果guo非fei常chang好hao,在zai生sheng產chan中zhong廣guang泛fan用yong於yu防fang除chu一yi年nian生sheng或huo多duo年nian生sheng的de禾he本ben科ke、雙shuang子zi葉ye雜za草cao等deng。百bai草cao枯ku又you名ming克ke無wu蹤zong,是shi觸chu殺sha型xing除chu草cao劑ji,具ju有you速su效xiao性xing和he非fei選xuan擇ze性xing,噴pen施shi到dao雜za草cao上shang後hou,地di上shang的de綠lv色se部bu分fen隻zhi要yao接jie觸chu到dao藥yao劑ji,幾ji個ge小xiao時shi後hou就jiu會hui出chu現xian枯ku萎wei症zheng狀zhuang, 1~2tianneihuiquanbusiwang,shacaoxiaoguohao,erqiesudufeichangkuai。ruguoweilezhuiqiusuxiaoxinghezhancaochugendeshuangzhongxiaoguoerbaerzhehunyongshibuzhengquede。yinbaicaokujuyousuxiaoxing,huidaozhizacaoyepianhenkuaikuwei,shicaoganlindechugenxiaoguobumingxian,duiduonianshengzacaodefangchuxiaoguohuidadazhekou,hailangfeileqiancai。suoyishuocaoganlinbukeyubaicaokuhunheshiyong。shiyongshiyidingyaoxianpenyongcaoganlin 2天後,等雜草根莖吸收了草甘膦藥液後再噴施百草枯,方可達到速效性和徹底性的滅殺雜草效果。
3. 使用農藥不可單一:有些農民朋友使用農藥往往存在"頭痛醫頭,腳痛醫腳"dewenti。fanqiefashenglewanyibingjiupenpulikehuojiashuangling,fashenglezaoyibingjiupendaisenmengxinhuoshadufan,fashenglexijunxingbinghaijiupentongzhijideng,jieguoshizhileyizhongbingyoushangyizhongbing,enxiahulupiaoyouqi,zhilaizhiqudoumeizhihao。jiuqiyuanyinjiushidanyiyongyao,buliyuduozhongbinghaidezonghekongzhi。ercaiyongkexuehelidenongyaohunyong,keyikuodashiyongfanweihuozhejianzhijizhongyouhaishengwu,shenzhikeyizengjiayaoxiaobingjianqingkangyaoxing、藥害等農藥副作用,既即高效又省工省時。如王銅可以和很多殺菌劑、殺蟲劑混合使用。以30%的懸浮劑600倍液與70%甲基硫菌靈800倍液混合噴灑,防治蔬菜的褐斑病細菌性葉枯病、炭疽病、細菌性角斑病等病害,與春雷黴素混合而成的"加瑞農"用於防治番茄細菌病和真菌病。
4. 茄子不可施用代森錳鋅類藥:有you經jing驗yan的de菜cai農nong都dou知zhi道dao,如ru果guo在zai茄qie子zi上shang噴pen施shi了le一yi次ci含han代dai森sen錳meng鋅xin的de農nong藥yao後hou,本ben來lai綠lv油you油you的de葉ye片pian就jiu變bian得de暗an淡dan無wu光guang了le,植zhi株zhu中zhong下xia部bu葉ye片pian也ye變bian老lao發fa黃huang,有you的de是shi葉ye脈mai發fa黃huang,若ruo連lian續xu使shi用yong多duo次ci會hui造zao成cheng嚴yan重zhong落luo葉ye。究jiu其qi原yuan因yin是shi該gai農nong藥yao中zhong含han有you大da量liang的de錳meng元yuan素su,茄qie子zi對dui錳meng又you特te別bie敏min感gan,噴pen施shi後hou錳meng元yuan素su在zai葉ye部bu造zao成cheng積ji累lei,以yi致zhi於yu錳meng過guo剩sheng,輕qing者zhe葉ye片pian發fa黃huang,重zhong者zhe自zi上shang而er下xia開kai始shi落luo葉ye。凡fan是shi含han代dai森sen錳meng鋅xin的de都dou有you這zhe方fang麵mian的de副fu作zuo用yong,如ru殺sha毒du礬fan、速克淨,雷多米爾、安克·錳鋅,克露、大生、大生-M45、新萬生、山德生等。因此,一旦發現茄子黃葉現象,首先考慮是噴用代森錳鋅造成的,應立即停止,再用愛多收6000倍混加細胞分裂素600倍混合雲大120葉麵噴施解決。本來在茄子上使用殺菌劑應以百菌清為主。因為百菌清屬腈類殺菌劑,遇堿、酸而穩定,對多種病原菌都有保護和預防作用,可防治茄果類的早疫病,晚疫病、灰黴病、斑枯病、炭疽病、綿疫病等多種病害。如果和DT或甲霜銅混合使用或間隔交替使用,即可防治茄子的多種病害。
5. 使用含唑類農藥的濃度不可過高:含唑類的殺菌劑很多,其中福清的成分是氟菌唑、福星的成分是氟矽唑、世高的成分是惡醚唑、仙生的成分是腈菌唑、烯唑醇的成分是特普唑、敵力脫的成分是丙環唑,這些殺菌劑的說明書中都說防治白粉病、葉黴病、鏽(xiu)病(bing)效(xiao)果(guo)如(ru)何(he)如(ru)何(he)好(hao),卻(que)沒(mei)有(you)說(shuo)明(ming)用(yong)量(liang)過(guo)多(duo)的(de)副(fu)作(zuo)用(yong)。所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)該(gai)類(lei)農(nong)藥(yao)時(shi),一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)規(gui)定(ding)量(liang)使(shi)用(yong),否(fou)則(ze)濃(nong)度(du)過(guo)高(gao),就(jiu)會(hui)使(shi)植(zhi)物(wu)出(chu)現(xian)頂(ding)部(bu)葉(ye)片(pian)變(bian)小(xiao)、變厚、皺縮,最明顯的是節間變短,比如在黃瓜上使用就應特別注意。
6. 噴施農藥不可混加葉麵肥:因為葉麵肥的成分比較複雜,多數是大、中、微量元素的混合物,少數葉麵肥還混有激素和助劑。含有的金屬離子以鉀、鋅、錳、銅等居多。如此多的金屬元素一旦遇到堿性農藥、抗kang生sheng素su農nong藥yao或huo劣lie質zhi農nong藥yao,就jiu會hui產chan生sheng反fan應ying,出chu現xian不bu同tong程cheng度du的de混hun濁zhuo沉chen澱dian和he分fen層ceng現xian象xiang。這zhe種zhong藥yao肥fei混hun合he物wu一yi旦dan噴pen施shi到dao作zuo物wu上shang,輕qing者zhe導dao致zhi藥yao劑ji失shi效xiao,重zhong者zhe出chu現xian蔬shu菜cai生sheng長chang點dian萎wei縮suo,或huo類lei似si激ji素su過guo量liang症zheng狀zhuang,有you時shi還hai會hui引yin起qi作zuo物wu中zhong毒du。
其實,有些殺菌劑也具有葉麵肥的功能。如嘧菌酯類農藥,在作物整個生育期間噴施嘧菌酯4~5次ci,不bu但dan防fang病bing效xiao果guo優you異yi,而er且qie能neng使shi葉ye綠lv素su增zeng加jia,葉ye片pian油you綠lv光guang亮liang柔rou軟ruan,葉ye功gong能neng期qi延yan長chang。可ke以yi說shuo,多duo次ci使shi用yong這zhe樣yang的de殺sha菌jun劑ji,勝sheng過guo噴pen用yong葉ye麵mian肥fei。銅tong製zhi劑ji所suo含han有you的de銅tong離li子zi,是shi作zuo物wu生sheng長chang所suo需xu的de微wei量liang元yuan素su之zhi一yi,是shi參can與yu葉ye綠lv素su光guang合he作zuo用yong的de激ji活huo元yuan素su,通tong過guo噴pen施shi銅tong製zhi劑ji無wu形xing之zhi中zhong就jiu補bu充chong了le銅tong肥fei。代dai森sen錳meng鋅xin類lei的de藥yao物wu眾zhong多duo,多duo次ci使shi用yong後hou,作zuo物wu一yi般ban不bu缺que乏fa錳meng、鋅元素。鈣、meiweizuowusuoxudedaliangyuansu,woguobeifangshuiheturangzhonghanliangfengfu,yibankemanzuzuowushengchangxuyao。liuleihelvleizhijiyebijiaopubian,jiaoshuiguochengzhongyenengjiayibuchong,bubikeyidibuchongliuhelvyuansu。zongzhi,duocipenshiyemianfeibukequ,penyaohunjiayemianfeigengshiyoubiwuli。
7. 不可土施多效唑:因為多效唑殘效期長,不易分解,會直接影響到下茬蔬菜生長。以茄子為例,定植在含多效唑的土壤中,會直接影響茄子根係伸展、下(xia)紮(zha),根(gen)不(bu)深(shen),棵(ke)不(bu)壯(zhuang)。一(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),茄(qie)子(zi)定(ding)植(zhi)後(hou)正(zheng)是(shi)根(gen)係(xi)發(fa)育(yu)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)時(shi)期(qi),這(zhe)時(shi)候(hou)擴(kuo)展(zhan)出(chu)去(qu)的(de)根(gen)係(xi)將(jiang)成(cheng)為(wei)後(hou)期(qi)根(gen)係(xi)的(de)骨(gu)幹(gan)。而(er)土(tu)施(shi)多(duo)效(xiao)唑(zuo)抑(yi)製(zhi)了(le)根(gen)係(xi)的(de)伸(shen)長(chang)、擴(kuo)展(zhan),前(qian)期(qi)根(gen)係(xi)分(fen)布(bu)範(fan)圍(wei)小(xiao),對(dui)後(hou)期(qi)根(gen)係(xi)發(fa)育(yu)不(bu)利(li),就(jiu)必(bi)然(ran)出(chu)現(xian)前(qian)期(qi)空(kong)棵(ke)效(xiao)果(guo)好(hao),後(hou)期(qi)植(zhi)株(zhu)一(yi)直(zhi)長(chang)不(bu)起(qi)來(lai)的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。正(zheng)確(que)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)應(ying)該(gai)是(shi)葉(ye)麵(mian)噴(pen)施(shi)空(kong)棵(ke)的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)更(geng)好(hao)一(yi)些(xie),安(an)全(quan)性(xing)更(geng)高(gao),而(er)且(qie)當(dang)季(ji)收(shou)獲(huo)拔(ba)園(yuan)後(hou),多(duo)效(xiao)唑(zuo)不(bu)易(yi)對(dui)後(hou)茬(cha)蔬(shu)菜(cai)產(chan)生(sheng)影(ying)響(xiang)。另(ling)外(wai),即(ji)使(shi)因(yin)葉(ye)麵(mian)噴(pen)施(shi)多(duo)效(xiao)唑(zuo)出(chu)現(xian)藥(yao)害(hai),還(hai)可(ke)用(yong)25~250毫升/千克的赤黴素藥液來緩解,而土施就很難補救。
8. 阿維菌素不可衝施:阿維菌素是一種高效、低毒、安全、抗蟲譜廣的殺蟲劑,對絕大多數線蟲、體(ti)外(wai)寄(ji)生(sheng)蟲(chong)及(ji)其(qi)它(ta)節(jie)肢(zhi)動(dong)物(wu)都(dou)有(you)很(hen)強(qiang)的(de)驅(qu)殺(sha)效(xiao)果(guo)。有(you)的(de)菜(cai)農(nong)在(zai)防(fang)治(zhi)根(gen)結(jie)線(xian)蟲(chong)病(bing)時(shi),把(ba)藥(yao)劑(ji)隨(sui)水(shui)衝(chong)施(shi),結(jie)果(guo)自(zi)然(ran)達(da)不(bu)到(dao)防(fang)治(zhi)目(mu)的(de)。我(wo)們(men)說(shuo),施(shi)用(yong)阿(e)維(wei)菌(jun)素(su)在(zai)1500~2500倍時,才能保證其效果。也就是說,隨水衝施每方水需加1 斤左右的阿維菌素才行,而每畝地一般一次澆水量大約15~20方,這樣算下來,澆一畝地得需要20斤(jin)左(zuo)右(you)的(de)阿(e)維(wei)菌(jun)素(su),才(cai)能(neng)發(fa)揮(hui)作(zuo)用(yong),這(zhe)樣(yang)大(da)的(de)用(yong)量(liang)是(shi)不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)達(da)到(dao)的(de)。應(ying)該(gai)采(cai)取(qu)單(dan)株(zhu)灌(guan)根(gen)的(de)方(fang)式(shi),最(zui)好(hao)配(pei)合(he)甲(jia)殼(ke)素(su),這(zhe)樣(yang)即(ji)能(neng)保(bao)證(zheng)其(qi)濃(nong)度(du),又(you)不(bu)造(zao)成(cheng)浪(lang)費(fei)。
9. 防治根部病害不可葉麵噴藥:如(ru)番(fan)茄(qie)疫(yi)黴(mei)根(gen)腐(fu)病(bing),是(shi)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)根(gen)部(bu)卵(luan)菌(jun)病(bing)害(hai),如(ru)果(guo)用(yong)葉(ye)麵(mian)噴(pen)藥(yao)的(de)方(fang)式(shi),結(jie)果(guo)肯(ken)定(ding)是(shi)南(nan)轅(yuan)北(bei)轍(zhe),但(dan)現(xian)實(shi)中(zhong)確(que)實(shi)存(cun)在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)。實(shi)際(ji)上(shang),防(fang)治(zhi)疫(yi)黴(mei)根(gen)腐(fu)病(bing)的(de)藥(yao)劑(ji)均(jun)為(wei)殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji),而(er)殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji)有(you)內(nei)吸(xi)性(xing)和(he)保(bao)護(hu)性(xing)之(zhi)分(fen)。內(nei)吸(xi)性(xing)殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji)在(zai)植(zhi)物(wu)體(ti)內(nei)是(shi)由(you)下(xia)向(xiang)上(shang)運(yun)輸(shu)傳(chuan)導(dao),也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)從(cong)植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)根(gen)部(bu)開(kai)始(shi),向(xiang)植(zhi)物(wu)頂(ding)部(bu)傳(chuan)導(dao)至(zhi)頂(ding)葉(ye),頂(ding)芽(ya)及(ji)葉(ye)類(lei)、葉緣。而葉麵噴藥,藥劑隻停留在葉片上,不能到達植物根部,也不會對根部病害起作用;非fei內nei吸xi性xing殺sha菌jun劑ji,基ji本ben不bu進jin入ru植zhi物wu體ti內nei,不bu能neng向xiang四si周zhou運yun輸shu傳chuan導dao,更geng不bu會hui對dui根gen部bu病bing害hai起qi防fang治zhi作zuo用yong。所suo以yi,要yao想xiang解jie決jue根gen部bu病bing害hai還hai要yao靠kao灌guan根gen等deng方fang式shi,直zhi接jie將jiang藥yao劑ji作zuo用yong到dao發fa病bing部bu位wei,才cai能neng收shou到dao良liang好hao防fang治zhi效xiao果guo。對dui於yu疫yi黴mei根gen腐fu病bing的de最zui好hao防fang治zhi方fang法fa,就jiu是shi用yong60%氟嗎·錳鋅(灰克)可濕性粉劑700倍液或30%惡黴靈水劑800倍液,3%惡黴·甲霜(廣枯靈)水劑600倍液澆灌防治。
10. 不可亂用生根劑:俗su話hua說shuo,根gen是shi蔬shu菜cai生sheng長chang的de基ji礎chu,根gen深shen才cai能neng葉ye茂mao。很hen多duo菜cai農nong雖sui然ran也ye知zhi道dao這zhe一yi點dian,卻que忽hu略lve了le根gen與yu葉ye的de平ping衡heng,把ba生sheng根gen劑ji當dang成cheng了le萬wan能neng藥yao,亂luan用yong生sheng根gen劑ji。苗miao生sheng長chang慢man,灌guan生sheng根gen劑ji;防治根部病害,減少死株也灌生根劑;苗葉片濃綠、莖稈粗壯,生長過慢還灌生根劑;隻zhi要yao發fa現xian蔬shu菜cai生sheng長chang不bu正zheng常chang都dou灌guan生sheng根gen劑ji。我wo們men說shuo,生sheng根gen劑ji的de作zuo用yong就jiu是shi在zai根gen弱ruo葉ye茂mao時shi,促cu進jin根gen係xi生sheng長chang,調tiao整zheng根gen葉ye比bi例li。因yin此ci,使shi用yong生sheng根gen劑ji時shi,應ying是shi葉ye片pian較jiao好hao而er根gen係xi較jiao弱ruo,根gen係xi吸xi收shou的de水shui肥fei難nan以yi滿man足zu葉ye片pian的de需xu要yao時shi,如ru冬dong季ji澆jiao水shui等deng造zao成cheng根gen係xi受shou傷shang或huo植zhi株zhu徒tu長chang等deng造zao成cheng根gen係xi與yu葉ye片pian的de比bi例li失shi調tiao時shi最zui佳jia。
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