筋腐病又叫條腐病、條斑病,是保護地番茄發生比較普遍且嚴重的一種生理病害。為幫助菜農有效防治,筆者現將其防治介紹如下:
症狀表現 有兩種類型:褐色筋腐病:果(guo)麵(mian)上(shang)出(chu)現(xian)局(ju)部(bu)褐(he)變(bian),甚(shen)至(zhi)壞(huai)死(si),凹(ao)凸(tu)不(bu)平(ping),果(guo)肉(rou)僵(jiang)硬(ying)。切(qie)開(kai)病(bing)果(guo),可(ke)見(jian)果(guo)內(nei)維(wei)管(guan)束(shu)變(bian)褐(he)死(si)亡(wang),有(you)時(shi)果(guo)肉(rou)也(ye)出(chu)現(xian)褐(he)色(se)壞(huai)死(si)症(zheng)狀(zhuang)。發(fa)病(bing)輕(qing)時(shi)果(guo)麵(mian)有(you)時(shi)可(ke)見(jian)到(dao)凹(ao)凸(tu)不(bu)平(ping)的(de)病(bing)斑(ban),發(fa)病(bing)處(chu)著(zhe)色(se)不(bu)良(liang),收(shou)獲(huo)時(shi)果(guo)麵(mian)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)綠(lv)色(se)或(huo)淡(dan)綠(lv)色(se)病(bing)斑(ban),伴(ban)有(you)果(guo)肉(rou)變(bian)硬(ying)、果實空腔。褐色筋腐病常發生在果實的背光麵,且下位花序的果實比上位的發病多。白色筋腐病:多發生在果皮部的組織上。病部具有蠟樣光澤,質硬,果肉呈糠心狀。病部著色不良。
發病原因 由於保護地番茄是提早或延後栽培,有保護設施,不能合理輪作,環境和土壤溫度低,中期夜溫高、濕shi度du大da,再zai加jia上shang密mi度du不bu合he理li,氮dan肥fei施shi用yong過guo多duo,氮dan磷lin鉀jia比bi例li失shi調tiao,土tu壤rang板ban結jie,管guan理li欠qian佳jia等deng原yuan因yin,造zao成cheng植zhi株zhu生sheng長chang不bu良liang,果guo實shi膨peng大da期qi間jian光guang照zhao不bu足zu影ying響xiang光guang合he物wu質zhi生sheng成cheng,引yin起qi褐he色se筋jin腐fu病bing的de發fa生sheng。但dan是shi,單dan獨du一yi種zhong因yin素su很hen難nan導dao致zhi發fa病bing,必bi須xu有you多duo種zhong不bu良liang因yin素su的de綜zong合he作zuo用yong才cai會hui引yin起qi發fa病bing。褐he色se筋jin腐fu病bing多duo發fa生sheng在zai低di溫wen弱ruo光guang條tiao件jian下xia。植zhi株zhu茂mao密mi、tongfengtouguangbuliangyouliyugaibingfasheng。turangshuifenguoda,turangyangqigongyingbuzushi,yeyouliyugaibingfasheng。shifeiliangguoda,tebieshiantaidanshiyongguoduo,jiafeibuzuhuojiadexishoushouzushi,gaibingfashengyezhong。shiyongweijingchongfenfushudenongjiafei、密植、小苗定植、強摘心都可能誘發該病。白色筋腐病通常認為是由煙草花葉病毒感染所致。不抗煙草花葉病毒的番茄品種易發生白色筋腐病。
預防措施 一(yi)是(shi)選(xuan)用(yong)抗(kang)病(bing)品(pin)種(zhong)。二(er)是(shi)合(he)理(li)密(mi)植(zhi),適(shi)時(shi)整(zheng)枝(zhi),改(gai)善(shan)通(tong)風(feng)透(tou)光(guang)條(tiao)件(jian),增(zeng)加(jia)光(guang)照(zhao)。二(er)是(shi)澆(jiao)水(shui)時(shi)防(fang)止(zhi)大(da)水(shui)漫(man)灌(guan),最(zui)好(hao)采(cai)用(yong)膜(mo)下(xia)滲(shen)灌(guan)或(huo)滴(di)灌(guan),防(fang)止(zhi)濕(shi)度(du)過(guo)大(da),避(bi)免(mian)土(tu)壤(rang)板(ban)結(jie)。三(san)是(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)溫(wen)度(du)、肥水管理,防止棚內溫度過高過低,土壤水分過幹過濕,營養元素施用不平衡等不良因素造成發病加重。四是在番茄生長的前、中期注意防治蚜蟲和白粉虱,防止番茄病毒病的發生,可減少筋腐果的出現。五是保護地番茄施肥要輕氮、少磷、重鉀、補鈣鎂。施肥時氮磷鉀鈣鎂要配施,在開花、結果盛期和果實膨大期追施鉀肥。施肥應為基肥加追肥,以有機肥、shucaizhuanyongfeiweizhu,helipeishihuafei。buyaopianshidanfei,zaifanqieshengguoqiyaozengshilinjiafei,zengqiangzhizhukangxing,yanchangguangzhaoshijian,shiyongguangheweifei,zengjiaguanghechanwuchanliangyijixiangguoshizhongdeshusongliang。liushibimianduonianlianzuo,yingshixinglunzuozhi,yihuanheturangyangfendeshiheng。qishipengmoyingxuanzetouguangxingqiangdesuliaomo,dapengfanqiezuihaocaiyongkuanxingzaipeifa,zengjiaxingjiantouguanglv,cujinguanghezuoyong。dapengneihaixuzengshieryanghuatanqifei,yimanzuguanghezuoyongdexuyao。bashijishifangzhi。ruofaxianbingzhu,kelijipenshi0.2%的葡萄糖和0.1%的磷酸二氫鉀混合液,以提高葉片中糖和鉀的含量,減輕危害。
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