紫甘藍燒心病: 燒心病為紫甘藍重要病害,分布較廣,局部地區局部地塊發生較重,保護地和露地種植均可發病,以露地種植受害重。一般病株占5%~10%,重病地塊發病率可達40%以上,嚴重影響紫甘藍的產量與品質。
[症狀]cibingzhuyaozaibaoxinqihezhuzangqifabing。chuqiyeqiuwaiyeyeyuanyansebianshen,lvexiangwaijuan,zhujianfazhanyeyuanxiangxiachengshirunzhuanghuaisi,xingchenghuanghezhiqianzisebuguizehuaisiban,bianyuanchangjuyousezejiaoshendejiexianmohudeqinrandai,suihoubingbuxibaozuzhishishuiganbie,yerouchengzhizhuang,zuihouyeyuanchousuo,duopianqiuyezhishushipianqiuyefabing。qingbingzhuzaitianjianshengchangqizhengzhuangbumingxian,jinshouhuohouzongpouqiuyefangkejiandaoxinyebianyuanhuaisiyufu。zhongbingzhubufenwaiyejibiaoxianqingduganbian,waicengqiuyedabufenhuaisiganfu,zhizhenggecaiqiusangshishiyongjiazhi。
[病因]過去許多方麵研究認為,類似於大白菜、甘藍的幹燒心病屬結球期生理病害,均係鈣供應不足引起的生理病害。由於此期間生長迅速,80%~90%球qiu葉ye在zai此ci期qi間jian長chang成cheng,需xu要yao大da量liang包bao括kuo鈣gai質zhi在zai內nei的de營ying養yang物wu質zhi供gong應ying和he適shi宜yi的de綜zong合he環huan境jing條tiao件jian。若ruo綜zong合he條tiao件jian不bu宜yi,如ru此ci期qi間jian天tian氣qi幹gan旱han,土tu壤rang返fan鹽yan,或huo重zhong施shi氮dan肥fei等deng,不bu斷duan增zeng加jia土tu壤rang溶rong液ye濃nong度du,相xiang應ying衝chong淡dan了le土tu壤rang溶rong液ye中zhong鈣gai的de含han量liang,而er影ying響xiang或huo阻zu礙ai鈣gai的de吸xi收shou與yu運yun輸shu,老lao葉ye中zhong積ji累lei的de鈣gai又you不bu能neng被bei再zai利li用yong,使shi葉ye球qiu得de不bu到dao足zu夠gou的de鈣gai,引yin致zhi葉ye球qiu鈣gai的de供gong應ying不bu足zu而er出chu現xian幹gan燒shao心xin病bing害hai。現xian有you報bao道dao認ren為wei,幹gan燒shao心xin病bing是shi由you於yu土tu壤rang中zhong嚴yan重zhong缺que乏fa活huo性xing錳meng所suo致zhi。因yin為wei測ce定ding典dian型xing鈣gai質zhi土tu中zhong活huo性xing錳meng含han量liang相xiang當dang低di,多duo為weil×10-6~10×10-6,甚至更低,易出現幹燒心病,而石灰性土壤活性錳含量很高,可達100×10-6或更高,可滿足作物對錳的需要,作物含量分析結果也說明幹燒心病的菜球含錳量很低,而含鈣量病健菜球無明顯規律性。 youyuzuowushenglidaixiejiqifuza,muqianshangbunengzhunqueduandingzhibingyuanyin。dancongtianjianzhiguantiaozhakan,ziganlanbaoxinqitianqiganhan,kongqishidudi,turangganzaoqueshui,huodishipiangao,jiaoshuibuyun,huopianshidanfei,youqishishiyongniaosuhuoliuandedikuaiyifashengcibing。
[防治方法] 由於各地氣候、土壤、zaipeitiaojianchayijiaoda,fangzhicibingyingyindizhiyicaiqucuoshi。shouxiankaolvyingyongyizaipeiweizhudezonghejishu,jixuanzeguangaitiaojianjiaohaodedikuaizhongzhi,pingzhengtudi,shiqijiaoshui,youqishibaoxinqiyugaowenganhantianqiyaojishijiaoshui,helishiliangzhuifei,zhuyidan、磷、鉀肥配合使用,避免偏施氮肥。在此基礎上再試用補鈣或補錳技術。補鈣可選用0.7%有水氯化鈣附加50×10-6萘乙酸在包心初期開始分次噴灑心葉,或心葉撒施專用氯化鈣緩效顆粒劑。補錳可噴灑0.7%硫酸錳。
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