桃縮葉病
一、症zheng狀zhuang。該gai病bing是shi一yi種zhong由you真zhen菌jun引yin起qi的de病bing害hai。病bing菌jun在zai桃tao芽ya或huo鱗lin片pian縫feng隙xi內nei越yue冬dong,翌yi年nian春chun季ji桃tao樹shu展zhan葉ye時shi,病bing菌jun侵qin入ru嫩nen芽ya,進jin行xing初chu浸jin染ran。病bing菌jun可ke從cong葉ye片pian表biao皮pi氣qi孔kong侵qin入ru。侵qin入ru後hou刺ci激ji細xi胞bao組zu織zhi,促cu進jin細xi胞bao膨peng大da和he細xi胞bao壁bi加jia厚hou,葉ye片pian上shang出chu現xian波bo紋wen症zheng狀zhuang,葉ye緣yuan向xiang後hou卷juan曲qu,葉ye色se由you綠lv變bian紅hong。隨sui著zhe葉ye片pian的逐漸生長,卷曲程度也逐漸加重。春末夏初在病葉表麵生出一層灰白色粉狀物,嚴重時全株葉片畸形,有的枯死脫落,脫落後葉腋處萌發抽生新葉,新葉不再受害。枝梢受害後,呈灰綠色,較健枝短而粗腫,頂端葉片常叢生,嚴重時整枝枯死。花和果實也可受害。早春如連續陰雨,氣溫在12℃~16℃時,發病尤為嚴重。發病後對桃樹產量和桃子品質影響極大。
二、防治方法。在桃樹幼芽開始萌動至露紅期,噴50%多菌靈可濕性粉劑600倍液或40%銀露可濕粉800倍液。早春連續防治2~3次,藥劑交替使用,防治效果可達96%。
桃細菌性穿孔病
一、zhengzhuang。gaibingshiyizhongyouxijunyinqidebinghai,quanguogetaoqujunyoufasheng,shitaoshuzhongyaobinghaizhiyi。bingjunzaibeihaizhishaodebingzuzhizhongyuedong,chunjikuiyangshichujinrandezhuyaolaiyuan,chunjikuiyangzhongdexijunjiefengyu、kunchongchuanbo,xijunyouyepianshangdeqikonghezhishangpikongqinru。yepianfabingshi,chuweishuizizhuangxiaodian,houkuodachengyuanxingbingban,bingbanzhouweiyoulvseyunhuan,zhihou,bingbangankutuoluo,xingchengchuankong,youdeduogebingbanxianglianerxingchengjiaokuzhuangdaxingban,ganzaotuoluohouxingchengdadechuankong。zhitiaoshouhaihou,shouhaibuweichenganlvsebingban,bingbanbiaopipolie、溢yi出chu細xi菌jun,在zai細xi菌jun散san布bu之zhi後hou整zheng枝zhi枯ku死si。果guo實shi發fa病bing初chu生sheng褐he色se小xiao圓yuan斑ban,後hou逐zhu漸jian擴kuo大da,並bing稍shao向xiang下xia凹ao陷xian,病bing部bu邊bian緣yuan呈cheng水shui漬zi狀zhuang,病bing斑ban上shang常chang發fa生sheng大da小xiao不bu同tong的de裂lie紋wen,裂lie紋wen處chu易yi受shou其qi他ta病bing菌jun浸jin染ran,造zao成cheng果guo實shi腐fu爛lan。一yi般ban在zai地di勢shi低di窪wa,排pai水shui不bu良liang、樹勢弱、偏施氮肥、樹冠鬱閉的桃園發病重。
二、防治方法。防治重點放在前期,特別是芽前的初浸染。在發芽前可噴以下藥劑進行預防:5波美度石硫合劑,120倍石灰等量式波爾多液。展葉後至發病前噴72%霜露可濕性粉劑500倍液,或70%金露800倍液1~2次。
炭疽病
一、症狀。該病是早春開始發生的重要病害之一。病菌在病枝和病果內越冬,翌年早春遇到相對濕度80%以上、平均氣溫12℃時,病菌即隨風雨迅速傳播,浸染初抽生的嫩梢和幼果,造成初浸染;以後在初產生的病斑中產生病菌,還可進行再浸染。新梢受害後出現暗褐色、長chang圓yuan形xing病bing斑ban,病bing斑ban呈cheng水shui漬zi狀zhuang,潮chao濕shi時shi病bing斑ban表biao麵mian長chang出chu橘ju紅hong色se黏nian性xing物wu,發fa病bing嚴yan重zhong的de枝zhi條tiao逐zhu漸jian枯ku死si。幼you果guo受shou害hai時shi,果guo麵mian呈cheng暗an褐he色se,幼you果guo停ting止zhi生sheng長chang,並bing逐zhu漸jian萎wei縮suo硬ying化hua,多duo成cheng僵jiang果guo殘can留liu在zai樹shu上shang;果guo實shi膨peng大da期qi發fa病bing,初chu在zai果guo麵mian上shang出chu現xian淡dan褐he色se水shui漬zi狀zhuang斑ban,隨sui著zhe果guo實shi膨peng大da,病bing斑ban也ye逐zhu漸jian擴kuo大da並bing呈cheng紅hong褐he色se圓yuan形xing,稍shao凹ao陷xian,有you明ming顯xian的de同tong心xin環huan紋wen狀zhuang皺zhou紋wen;濕shi度du大da時shi,病bing部bu也ye長chang出chu橘ju紅hong色se黏nian性xing物wu,病bing果guo除chu少shao數shu幹gan縮suo殘can留liu在zai枝zhi條tiao上shang外wai,絕jue大da多duo數shu脫tuo落luo。發fa病bing嚴yan重zhong的de桃tao園yuan,在zai開kai花hua前qian還hai會hui有you大da量liang的de果guo枝zhi陸lu續xu枯ku死si,葉ye片pian萎wei縮suo下xia垂chui,並bing向xiang正zheng麵mian縱zong卷juan成cheng管guan狀zhuang。桃tao樹shu萌meng芽ya在zai幼you果guo期qi,低di溫wen多duo雨yu有you利li於yu發fa病bing。
二、防治方法。桃樹發芽前,抓住病菌尚未傳播浸染的有利時機,噴40%綠海懸浮劑700倍液,或70%金露可濕性粉劑800倍液,或70%甲基硫菌靈可濕性粉劑1500倍液。每隔7~10天噴1次,連續防治2~3次。
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