症 狀:春(chun)天(tian),在(zai)落(luo)葉(ye)鬆(song)針(zhen)葉(ye)上(shang)先(xian)出(chu)現(xian)短(duan)段(duan)褪(tui)綠(lv)斑(ban),其(qi)上(shang)有(you)淺(qian)黃(huang)色(se)小(xiao)點(dian),為(wei)病(bing)原(yuan)菌(jun)的(de)性(xing)孢(bao)子(zi)器(qi)。褪(tui)綠(lv)斑(ban)下(xia)表(biao)麵(mian)產(chan)生(sheng)半(ban)球(qiu)形(xing)橘(ju)黃(huang)色(se)的(de)小(xiao)皰(pao),表(biao)皮(pi)破(po)裂(lie)後(hou)露(lu)出(chu)黃(huang)粉(fen)堆(dui),為(wei)病(bing)原(yuan)菌(jun)的(de)鏽(xiu)孢(bao)子(zi)器(qi),有(you)時(shi)幾(ji)個(ge)連(lian)成(cheng)一(yi)條(tiao)。受(shou)病(bing)針(zhen)葉(ye)局(ju)部(bu)變(bian)黃(huang)、逐zhu漸jian幹gan枯ku。感gan病bing楊yang葉ye背bei麵mian產chan生sheng半ban球qiu形xing橘ju黃huang色se小xiao皰pao,為wei病bing原yuan菌jun的de夏xia孢bao子zi堆dui。晚wan夏xia以yi後hou,在zai葉ye麵mian長chang出chu稍shao隆long起qi的de不bu規gui則ze斑ban,初chu為wei鐵tie鏽xiu色se,逐zhu漸jian變bian為wei暗an褐he色se,為wei病bing原yuan菌jun的de冬dong孢bao子zi堆dui。病bing重zhong的de葉ye片pian冬dong孢bao子zi堆dui連lian結jie成cheng片pian,甚shen至zhi布bu滿man整zheng個ge葉ye麵mian。
病 原:病原為落葉鬆楊柵鏽菌(Melampsora larici-populina Kleb.),隸屬擔子菌亞門、冬孢菌綱、鏽菌目、柵鏽菌屬真菌。
發病規律:落luo葉ye鬆song楊yang鏽xiu菌jun屬shu於yu轉zhuan主zhu寄ji生sheng長chang循xun環huan型xing生sheng活huo史shi真zhen菌jun。以yi冬dong孢bao子zi在zai楊yang落luo葉ye上shang越yue冬dong。春chun天tian,落luo地di病bing葉ye上shang的de冬dong孢bao子zi經jing水shui浸jin泡pao,萌meng發fa產chan生sheng擔dan孢bao子zi,擔dan孢bao子zi借jie風feng力li飛fei於yu落luo葉ye鬆song葉ye上shang,萌meng發fa後hou穿chuan透tou表biao皮pi或huo從cong氣qi孔kong侵qin入ru,產chan生sheng性xing孢bao子zi器qi及ji鏽xiu孢bao子zi器qi。鏽xiu孢bao子zi借jie風feng力li飛fei落luo到dao楊yang葉ye上shang,萌meng發fa從cong氣qi孔kong侵qin入ru或huo穿chuan透tou表biao皮pi侵qin入ru,產chan生sheng夏xia孢bao子zi堆dui。夏xia孢bao子zi可ke重zhong複fu產chan生sheng,重zhong複fu侵qin染ran,從cong而er擴kuo大da和he加jia重zhong病bing情qing。晚wan夏xia以yi後hou,逐zhu漸jian長chang出chu冬dong孢bao子zi堆dui。冬dong孢bao子zi隨sui病bing葉ye落luo地di越yue冬dong。多duo雨yu的de年nian份fen和he地di區qu,生sheng長chang密mi集ji,通tong風feng不bu良liang的de潮chao濕shi環huan境jing中zhong,病bing情qing嚴yan重zhong。青qing楊yang派pai高gao度du感gan病bing,黑hei楊yang派pai抗kang病bing至zhi高gao度du抗kang病bing,白bai楊yang派pai免mian疫yi。
防 治:①避免近距離混植落葉樹和楊樹。②藥劑防治:波爾多液、百菌清、50%多菌靈500倍液,80%代森鋅500倍液,50%托布津800倍液,70%甲基托布津1 000倍液,50%退菌特500倍液,波美0.3度石硫合劑,敵鏽鈉200-500倍液,粉鏽寧1 500倍液等,防治本病都有比較好的效果。③選育抗鏽病樹種。
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