紅葉椿,苦木科苦木屬,彩葉落葉樹種,以其適應性強,顏色鮮紅豔麗受到人們極大的關注。現已被列為北京2008年奧運會城市綠化十大首選樹種之一。作為臭椿的一個變種,紅葉椿對幹旱、低溫、煙塵及鹽堿地、病bing蟲chong害hai等deng不bu良liang因yin素su有you很hen強qiang的de耐nai受shou力li和he抗kang拒ju力li。其qi樹shu幹gan通tong直zhi高gao大da,分fen枝zhi緊jin湊cou,冠guan形xing漫man圓yuan。單dan性xing雄xiong株zhu,有you著zhe直zhi立li頂ding生sheng的de圓yuan錐zhui花hua序xu,花hua淡dan黃huang色se,全quan部bu為wei單dan性xing雄xiong花hua,隻zhi開kai花hua不bu結jie實shi,所suo以yi冬dong季ji的de紅hong葉ye椿chun樹shu上shang沒mei有you紙zhi屑xie似si的de宿xiu存cun翅chi果guo,環huan保bao,這zhe也ye是shi被bei列lie為wei北bei京jing奧ao運yun會hui城cheng市shi綠lv化hua樹shu種zhong的de原yuan因yin之zhi一yi。樹shu葉ye卵luan狀zhuang披pi針zhen形xing,長chang7-15厘米。芽初生時,嫩葉為棕褐色,小葉葉脈下凹明顯,至5月下旬或6月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun),整(zheng)個(ge)樹(shu)冠(guan)的(de)羽(yu)狀(zhuang)複(fu)葉(ye)全(quan)部(bu)為(wei)紫(zi)紅(hong)色(se),可(ke)謂(wei)滿(man)樹(shu)皆(jie)紅(hong),十(shi)分(fen)壯(zhuang)觀(guan)。以(yi)後(hou)下(xia)部(bu)顏(yan)色(se)逐(zhu)漸(jian)變(bian)為(wei)暗(an)綠(lv)色(se),但(dan)在(zai)夏(xia)季(ji)頂(ding)部(bu)仍(reng)有(you)紅(hong)葉(ye)可(ke)賞(shang)。隨(sui)著(zhe)秋(qiu)梢(shao)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang),枝(zhi)條(tiao)頂(ding)部(bu)的(de)新(xin)生(sheng)葉(ye)片(pian)仍(reng)呈(cheng)鮮(xian)豔(yan)的(de)紫(zi)紅(hong)色(se),紅(hong)葉(ye)簇(cu)簇(cu),仿(fang)佛(fo)花(hua)枝(zhi)簪(zan)頭(tou),這(zhe)一(yi)景(jing)色(se),會(hui)持(chi)續(xu)到(dao)8yuezhongxiaxun。hongyechunbujinhongyexingzhuangwending,erqieyuputongchouchunyiyang,juyoushengchangsudukuai,genxifadadetedianyijinaihan,naihan,naiyanjian,naiyanchen,kangfengsha,bingchonghaishaodenghenqiangdekangninengli。hongyechunyouzhuduoyoudian,yinerjuyoujigaodeguanshangjiazhiheguangfandeyuanlinyongtu,keguangfanyongyuchengshiyuanlinmeihuajishanqulvhua,chengshigelilindengshengtaijianshe。youyinjuyoukangyanchen,xishoueryanghualiudengyouhaiqitidetexing,yekeguangfanyingyongyugongkuangqudelvhua、淨化。
臭椿,苦木科臭椿屬。喜光,適應性強,分布廣,很耐幹旱瘠薄,耐中度鹽堿土,在土壤含鹽量達0.3%的情況下,幼樹會生長良好,對微酸性、中(zhong)性(xing)和(he)石(shi)灰(hui)質(zhi)土(tu)壤(rang)都(dou)能(neng)適(shi)應(ying)。喜(xi)排(pai)水(shui)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)沙(sha)壤(rang)土(tu),有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)耐(nai)寒(han)能(neng)力(li)。根(gen)係(xi)發(fa)達(da),為(wei)深(shen)根(gen)性(xing)樹(shu)種(zhong),萌(meng)蘖(nie)性(xing)強(qiang),生(sheng)長(chang)較(jiao)快(kuai)。多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)播(bo)種(zhong)繁(fan)殖(zhi),成(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)高(gao),管(guan)理(li)粗(cu)放(fang),能(neng)較(jiao)容(rong)易(yi)獲(huo)得(de)大(da)量(liang)幼(you)苗(miao)。因(yin)此(ci),在(zai)園(yuan)林(lin)應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)多(duo)用(yong)其(qi)做(zuo)嫁(jia)接(jie)紅(hong)葉(ye)椿(chun)的(de)砧(zhen)木(mu)。
hongyechunyuchouchunjinxingjiajie,shouxianshijiangdilechengben。youyuchouchunyifanzhi,yinci,zaiyongyoushaolianghongyechunshi,biannengjinxingdaliangfanzhi。qici,caiyonggaojiehuantoudefangfa,kesuoduanqichengcaishijian,jiakuaifanzhisudu,jiangzheyiyouxiudecaiyeshuzhongjinkuaiyingyongdaoyuanlinlvhuazhongqu。
1、嫁接時間:紅葉椿對嫁接時間要求不嚴,春夏秋三季均可。
2、嫁接方法:春季用帶木質芽接,成活率可達90%左右,當年生長高度3米以上、幹徑2厘米以上。夏季用帶木質芽接,成活率也可達到90%以上。嫁接部位在砧木30厘米以上,嫁接芽部位以下要多留葉片,嫁接芽以上留5厘米,其餘剪掉,接後15天左右解綁繩。秋季9月中下旬用帶木質芽嫁接在當年生枝條上,成活率也較高。嫁接應注意避開雨天。
3、接後管理:要及時抹除嫁接後新生出的萌芽。苗期應注意地下害蟲,可在灌溉時,用殺蟲劑隨水衝施。椿象是危害椿樹的主要害蟲,8-9月份危害葉片,使葉尖部位卷曲。可噴灑40.7%樂斯本乳油1600倍液,或25%愛卡士乳油1000倍液防治,量少時可人工捕捉。