[1]合理施肥。大家知道

，水培花卉的介質是水，所用的肥料完全是礦質的無機營養
，而且是有多種營養元素{大量元素和微量元素}配製而成的。而對於水中所含營養物質
，大家也是比較清楚的;huahuisuoxudedaliangyuansudan，lin，jiajihuweikongbai，suohanweiliangyuansuyuturangxiangbi，yeshixiangchaxuanshu。yuanyuanbunengmanzuhuahuidezhengchangxuyao，yincishuo
，duiyushuipeihuahuidejishihelishifei。wuyishiyixiangshifenzhongyaodeguanlicuoshi。nameduishuipeihuahuizenyangzhangwoshifeitedian，shifeishuliang，shifeishijianjishifeijishune

？

 

　　第一
，應該知道我們所栽的花卉，是利用無底孔的盆，瓶
，缸等器具，以水培的方式施用液肥{營養液}這(zhe)個(ge)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)特(te)點(dian)
，因(yin)此(ci)其(qi)施(shi)肥(fei)技(ji)術(shu)與(yu)其(qi)它(ta)栽(zai)培(pei)有(you)所(suo)不(bu)同(tong)。因(yin)為(wei)土(tu)壤(rang)栽(zai)培(pei)的(de)基(ji)質(zhi)為(wei)土(tu)，而(er)土(tu)壤(rang)顆(ke)粒(li)的(de)表(biao)麵(mian)可(ke)以(yi)吸(xi)附(fu)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)養(yang)分(fen)

，多(duo)餘(yu)的(de)養(yang)分(fen)還(hai)可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)盆(pen)底(di)的(de)漏(lou)孔(kong)自(zi)動(dong)流(liu)失(shi)
，所(suo)以(yi)它(ta)對(dui)施(shi)肥(fei)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)起(qi)到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)緩(huan)衝(chong)作(zuo)用(yong)。但(dan)水(shui)培(pei)花(hua)卉(hui)的(de)施(shi)肥(fei)就(jiu)不(bu)同(tong)了(le)，我(wo)們(men)所(suo)追(zhui)施(shi)的(de)營(ying)養(yang)液(ye)中(zhong)的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)營(ying)養(yang)元(yuan)素(su)全(quan)部(bu)容(rong)解(jie)在(zai)水(shui)中(zhong)
，隻(zhi)要(yao)稍(shao)微(wei)超(chao)過(guo)花(hua)卉(hui)對(dui)肥(fei)料(liao)濃(nong)度(du)的(de)忍(ren)耐(nai)程(cheng)度(du)，就(jiu)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)危(wei)害(hai)。有(you)以(yi)上(shang)特(te)點(dian)所(suo)致(zhi)，對(dui)水(shui)培(pei)花(hua)卉(hui)施(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)及(ji)施(shi)肥(fei)種(zhong)類(lei)的(de)嚴(yan)格(ge)控(kong)製(zhi)，是(shi)十(shi)分(fen)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)一(yi)環(huan)。因(yin)此(ci)，在(zai)施(shi)用(yong)營(ying)養(yang)液(ye)時(shi)，應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)盡(jin)量(liang)選(xuan)用(yong)水(shui)培(pei)花(hua)卉(hui)專(zhuan)用(yong)肥(fei)。並(bing)嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)使(shi)用(yong)說(shuo)明(ming)書(shu)使(shi)用(yong)
，嚴(yan)防(fang)施(shi)用(yong)過(guo)多(duo)
，濃(nong)度(du)過(guo)大(da)造(zao)成(cheng)肥(fei)害(hai)。

 

　　dier，zaishifeishuliangheshifeishijianshang，zhuyaozhangwoshaoshiqinshideyuanze，binggenjuqihuanshuidecishu，yibanmeihuanyicishuidouyaojiayiciyingyangfei。yibuchonghuanshuishizaochengdefeiliaoliushi。disan
，shuipeihuahuihaiyaogenjuqibutongqingkuang
，jinxingkexuedehelishifei。genjubutonghuahuizhongleihelishifei：這(zhe)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)花(hua)卉(hui)種(zhong)類(lei)對(dui)肥(fei)料(liao)的(de)適(shi)應(ying)能(neng)力(li)不(bu)一(yi)樣(yang)，一(yi)般(ban)規(gui)律(lv)是(shi)，根(gen)係(xi)纖(xian)細(xi)的(de)花(hua)卉(hui)種(zhong)類(lei)
，如(ru)彩(cai)葉(ye)草(cao)
，秋(qiu)海(hai)棠(tang)等(deng)花(hua)卉(hui)的(de)耐(nai)肥(fei)性(xing)差(cha)一(yi)點(dian)，不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)大(da)量(liang)的(de)肥(fei)料(liao)和(he)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)。因(yin)此(ci)，對(dui)其(qi)施(shi)肥(fei)時(shi)就(jiu)應(ying)掌(zhang)握(wo)，淡(dan)，少(shao)，稀(xi)的(de)原(yuan)則(ze)。而(er)禾(he)果(guo)芋(yu)，紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)，喜(xi)林(lin)芋(yu)等(deng)不(bu)少(shao)花(hua)卉(hui)則(ze)比(bi)較(jiao)耐(nai)肥(fei)。可(ke)掌(zhang)握(wo)少(shao)施(shi)
，勤(qin)施(shi)肥(fei)的(de)原(yuan)則(ze)。另(ling)外(wai)
，觀(guan)葉(ye)的(de)花(hua)卉(hui)，其(qi)施(shi)肥(fei)應(ying)以(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)
，輔(fu)助(zhu)以(yi)磷(lin)
，鉀(jia)肥(fei)，以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)葉(ye)子(zi)肥(fei)厚(hou)，葉(ye)麵(mian)光(guang)滑(hua)
，葉(ye)色(se)純(chun)正(zheng)。但(dan)必(bi)須(xu)注(zhu)意(yi)對(dui)其(qi)葉(ye)麵(mian)具(ju)有(you)彩(cai)色(se)條(tiao)紋(wen)或(huo)斑(ban)塊(kuai)的(de)花(hua)卉(hui)種(zhong)類(lei)

，要(yao)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)少(shao)施(shi)些(xie)氮(dan)肥(fei)，因(yin)其(qi)在(zai)氮(dan)肥(fei)過(guo)多(duo)時(shi)會(hui)使(shi)葉(ye)麵(mian)色(se)彩(cai)變(bian)淡(dan)

，甚(shen)至(zhi)消(xiao)失(shi)，應(ying)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)增(zeng)施(shi)磷(lin)
，鉀(jia)肥(fei)。對(dui)於(yu)觀(guan)花(hua)類(lei)的(de)花(hua)卉(hui)，一(yi)定(ding)掌(zhang)握(wo)在(zai)花(hua)芽(ya)分(fen)化(hua)及(ji)花(hua)芽(ya)發(fa)育(yu)階(jie)段(duan)，以(yi)磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)
，適(shi)當(dang)輔(fu)以(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)

，以(yi)免(mian)造(zao)成(cheng)植(zhi)株(zhu)徒(tu)長(chang)

，使(shi)營(ying)養(yang)生(sheng)長(chang)過(guo)剩(sheng)而(er)影(ying)響(xiang)生(sheng)殖(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)造(zao)成(cheng)花(hua)朵(duo)小(xiao)
，花(hua)朵(duo)少(shao)
，花(hua)色(se)淡(dan)，甚(shen)至(zhi)不(bu)開(kai)花(hua)的(de)不(bu)良(liang)後(hou)果(guo)。根(gen)據(ju)季(ji)節(jie)和(he)氣(qi)溫(wen)合(he)理(li)施(shi)肥(fei)：yibanzaixiajigaowenshi，huahuiduifeiliaonongdudeshiyingxingjiangdi，suoyicishiyingjiangdishifeidenongdu，tebieshiyixiehaipayanrekushudehuahui，zaigaowenjijiejijinruxiumianzhuangtai，huahuitineideshenglihuodongjiaoman，shengchangyechuyubantingzhihetingzhizhuangtai。duiyucileihuahui，cishiyingtingzhishifei，yimianzaochengfeihai。

 

　　根據花卉的生長勢施肥：大da家jia知zhi道dao，我wo們men室shi內nei的de光guang照zhao條tiao件jian都dou是shi比bi較jiao差cha的de。雖sui然ran室shi內nei所suo養yang觀guan葉ye花hua卉hui大da都dou是shi喜xi陰yin或huo半ban喜xi陰yin環huan境jing，但dan在zai長chang時shi期qi缺que少shao光guang照zhao，或huo在zai光guang照zhao過guo弱ruo的de情qing況kuang下xia

，其qi植zhi株zhu的de長chang勢shi也ye會hui比bi較jiao瘦shou弱ruo的de，因yin此ci對dui肥fei料liao濃nong度du的de適shi應ying性xing也ye會hui降jiang低di，所suo以yi，對dui在zai光guang照zhao條tiao件jian較jiao差cha環huan境jing中zhong生sheng長chang不bu良liang，或huo由you其qi它ta原yuan因yin造zao成cheng的de植zhi株zhu生sheng長chang不bu良liang時shi，應ying該gai停ting止zhi施shi肥fei
，或huo少shao施shi肥fei，並bing盡jin量liang降jiang低di施shi肥fei的de濃nong度du。

 

　　施肥時應注意的幾個問題：yishigangshuipeidehuahui，haiweishiyingshuizhongdehuanjing，changchanghuichuxianyesebianhuanghuogebielangenxianxing，cishibuyaojiyushifei，ketingshitianzuoyou，daishiyinglehuanjinghuozhachuxindeshuishenggenhouzaishifei。ershibuyaozaishuizhongzhijieshiruniaosu
，yinweiniaosushiyizhongrengongwujihechengdeyoujifeiliao，shuipeishiwujunhuoshaojunzhuangtaixiadezaipei
，ruguozhijieshiyongniaosu，budanhuahuibunengxishouyingyang，erqiehaihuishiyixieyouhaidexijunhuoweishengwuhenkuaifanzhieryinqishuidewuran，bingduihuahuichanshenganqiqinhaierzaochenghuahuizhongdu。sanshirufaxianshifeiguonongzaochenghuahuidegenxifulan，bingdaozhishuizhibianlieerwuranfachoushi，yingxunsujianchuxiugen，bingjishihuanshuihexigen。

 

　　[2]換huan水shui洗xi根gen。水shui培pei花hua卉hui的de管guan理li技ji術shu換huan水shui洗xi根gen，是shi保bao證zheng水shui培pei花hua卉hui生sheng長chang良liang好hao的de重zhong要yao一yi環huan。那na麼me對dui與yu水shui培pei花hua卉hui為wei什shen麼me要yao換huan水shui洗xi根gen呢ne？一yi是shi植zhi物wu生sheng長chang的de條tiao件jian主zhu要yao是shi水shui分fen
，養yang分fen和he空kong氣qi，水shui培pei花hua卉hui的de水shui分fen和he養yang分fen絕jue對dui能neng保bao證zheng其qi需xu要yao
，而er水shui中zhong氧yang氣qi的de含han氧yang量liang會hui隨sui著zhe花hua卉hui的de生sheng長chang而er日ri漸jian減jian少shao，當dang減jian少shao到dao一yi定ding程cheng度du時shi
，既ji會hui對dui花hua卉hui生sheng長chang由you於yu缺que氧yang而er產chan生sheng影ying響xiang，雖sui然ran空kong氣qi中zhong的de氧yang氣qi會hui不bu斷duan向xiang水shui中zhong補bu充chong但dan其qi補bu充chong的de數shu量liang是shi遠yuan遠yuan不bu夠gou的de，二er是shi水shui培pei花hua卉hui生sheng長chang在zai水shui裏li的de根gen係xi，一yi方fang麵mian吸xi收shou水shui中zhong的de養yang分fen，

 

　　lingyifangmianyouxiangshuizhongpaifangyixieyoujiwuzhi，yeyoufeiwuhuodusu，bingzaishuizhongchenji。erzhexieyoujiwuzaiturangzaipeishizhuyaoshirongjieturangzhongbuyibeigenxixishoudeyangfen，erfeiwuhedusuzefenbuzaiturangdekongjianhuocongpendideloukongzhongliuchu
，buhuibeigenxixishoueryingxianghuahuidezhengchangshengchang。ershuipeiderongqizhongmeiyoudikong，zhexieyoujiwu，feiwuhuodusujunchenjizaishuizhong，henrongyizaicibeizhiwuxirutinei，rucifanfuxishou，paixie，zaixishou，zaipaixiedeexingxunhuan，shifenbuliyuhuahuidezhengchangshengchangjifahuizhengchangdeshengligongneng。sanshishuipeihuahuijingchangxiangshuilishirudeyingyangfei
，chuyibufenkuangzhiyuansubeigenxixishouwaiqiyudezecanliuzaishuili
，dangcanliudewuzhidadaoyidingshuliangshi

，yehuiduihuahuichanshengyidingdeweihai。sishishuipeihuahuichangqishengchangzaishuizhongdegenxi，huichanshengyizhongnianye
，nianyeduoshibudanyingxianghuahuigenxiduiyingyangdexishou


，erqiehaihuiduishuizaochengwuran。youyushangshuyuanyin

，bixuduishuipeihuahuijinxingdingqihuanshuihexigendeguanli。name
，womenzenyangzhangwohuanshuixigenjishuhehuanshuixigenshijianne
？yishigenjubutongdehuahuizhongleijiqiduishuipeitiaojianshiyingdeqingkuang，jinxingdingqihuanshui。youxiehuahui，tebieshishuishenghuoshishenghuahui
，shifenshiyingshuipeidehuanjing
，shuizaihoukejiaokuaidizaiyuangenxishangjixushengchuxingen，qieshengchanglianghao。duiyuzhexiehuahui
，huanshuishijianjiangekeyichangyixie。eryouxiehuahuishuizaihoubuhenshiyingshuipeihuanjing，qihuifushengchanghuanman，shenzhishuizaihouhuichuxiangenxifulan。duiyuzhexiehuahui，zaigangjinrushuipeihuanjingchuqi，yingjingchanghuanshui，shenzhi1-2天(tian)換(huan)一(yi)次(ci)水(shui)。直(zhi)至(zhi)萌(meng)發(fa)出(chu)新(xin)根(gen)並(bing)恢(hui)複(fu)正(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)長(chang)之(zhi)後(hou)才(cai)能(neng)逐(zhu)漸(jian)減(jian)少(shao)換(huan)水(shui)次(ci)數(shu)。二(er)是(shi)根(gen)據(ju)氣(qi)溫(wen)的(de)高(gao)低(di)及(ji)植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)有(you)著(zhe)密(mi)切(qie)的(de)關(guan)係(xi)。其(qi)溫(wen)度(du)越(yue)高(gao)
，水(shui)中(zhong)的(de)含(han)氧(yang)量(liang)越(yue)少(shao)；溫度越低，水中的含氧量越高。另一方麵，溫度越高
，植物的呼吸作用越強，消耗的氧氣越多；溫wen度du越yue低di，植zhi物wu的de呼hu吸xi作zuo用yong越yue弱ruo，消xiao耗hao的de氧yang氣qi越yue少shao。因yin此ci說shuo
，氣qi溫wen高gao時shi含han氧yang量liang減jian少shao
，氣qi溫wen低di時shi水shui中zhong含han氧yang量liang多duo。所suo以yi，在zai高gao溫wen季ji節jie應ying勤qin換huan水shui，低di溫wen季ji節jie換huan水shui時shi間jian間jian隔ge長chang一yi些xie。三san是shi掌zhang握wo花hua卉hui生sheng長chang正zheng常chang且qie植zhi株zhu強qiang壯zhuang的de，換huan水shui時shi間jian長chang一yi些xie，由you於yu種zhong種zhong原yuan因yin造zao成cheng花hua卉hui植zhi株zhu生sheng長chang不bu良liang的de，則ze換huan水shui勤qin一yi些xie。根gen據ju以yi上shang幾ji個ge方fang麵mian，對dui於yu換huan水shui洗xi根gen的de要yao求qiu
，大da致zhi可ke以yi掌zhang握wo以yi下xia原yuan則ze；炎熱夏季，4-5天換一次水，春，秋季節可一周左右換一次水。冬季的換水時間應長一些
，一般15-20天tian換huan一yi次ci水shui即ji可ke。在zai換huan水shui的de同tong時shi，要yao十shi分fen細xi心xin地di洗xi去qu根gen部bu的de黏nian液ye
，切qie記ji不bu可ke弄nong斷duan或huo弄nong傷shang根gen係xi。如ru發fa現xian器qi具ju
，山shan石shi等deng有you青qing苔tai時shi
，應ying及ji時shi清qing除chu。以yi提ti高gao觀guan賞shang價jia值zhi和he利li於yu花hua卉hui正zheng常chang生sheng長chang。

 

　　[3]penshuixiye。shuipeihuahuitebieshishineideshuipeiguanyezhiwu，qidaduoshuxihuanjiaogaodekongqishidu
，ruguoshineikongqiguoyuganzao

，huizaochengyepianjiaojianhuojiaobian。congeryingxianghuahuideguanshangjiazhi。yinci
，pingshiyingjingchangwangzhizhushangpenshui，congertigaokongqideshidu，youliyuhuahuizhengchangshengchang。

 

　　[4]shidangtongfeng。qianbianwomenjiangguo，shuipeihuahuidehaohuai，yushuizhonghanyangliangyouzhijieguanxi
，ershuizhonghanyangliangdeduoshao，youyushineirenyuandehuodonghetongfengdehaohuaiyouguan。zaishineitongfengbuliangerrenyuanyouhuodongpinfanshi
，shuizhongdehanyangliangxunsujianshao，huiduishuipeihuahuideshengchangchanshengyingxiang，erbaochishineilianghaodetongfengzhuangkuang，kezengjiashuizhongdehanyangliang。yinci，duiyuyangyoushuipeihuahuidedifang，yingjiaqiangtongfeng
，yibaochishineiqingxinkongqihehuahuilianghaoshengchang。

 

　　[5]及(ji)時(shi)修(xiu)剪(jian)。對(dui)於(yu)一(yi)些(xie)生(sheng)長(chang)茂(mao)盛(sheng)和(he)根(gen)係(xi)比(bi)較(jiao)發(fa)達(da)的(de)水(shui)培(pei)花(hua)卉(hui)，當(dang)植(zhi)株(zhu)的(de)枝(zhi)杆(gan)長(chang)的(de)過(guo)長(chang)影(ying)響(xiang)株(zhu)型(xing)時(shi)，應(ying)將(jiang)過(guo)長(chang)的(de)枝(zhi)條(tiao)及(ji)時(shi)修(xiu)剪(jian)，以(yi)免(mian)影(ying)響(xiang)觀(guan)賞(shang)
，剪(jian)下(xia)的(de)枝(zhi)條(tiao)還(hai)可(ke)以(yi)插(cha)入(ru)該(gai)花(hua)卉(hui)的(de)器(qi)具(ju)中(zhong)，讓(rang)其(qi)生(sheng)根(gen)成(cheng)長(chang)，使(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)植(zhi)株(zhu)更(geng)加(jia)豐(feng)滿(man)完(wan)美(mei)。其(qi)剪(jian)根(gen)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)最(zui)好(hao)在(zai)春(chun)季(ji)花(hua)卉(hui)開(kai)始(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)
，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)結(jie)合(he)換(huan)水(shui)，隨(sui)時(shi)剪(jian)去(qu)多(duo)餘(yu)的(de)，老(lao)化(hua)的(de)，腐(fu)爛(lan)的(de)根(gen)係(xi)，以(yi)利(li)正(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)長(chang)。

 

　　[6]保bao持chi衛wei生sheng。我wo們men知zhi道dao，水shui培pei花hua卉hui是shi無wu機ji營ying養yang，最zui忌ji有you機ji物wu進jin入ru水shui中zhong，更geng不bu能neng用yong有you機ji肥fei料liao。因yin此ci經jing常chang保bao持chi水shui培pei花hua卉hui的de清qing潔jie衛wei生sheng，是shi確que保bao其qi良liang好hao生sheng長chang的de關guan鍵jian措cuo施shi。所suo以yi平ping時shi不bu要yao向xiang水shui培pei花hua卉hui中zhong投tou放fang食shi物wu，及ji有you機ji肥fei料liao。也ye不bu能neng隨sui意yi將jiang手shou深shen入ru水shui中zhong，以yi保bao證zheng所suo用yong水shui質zhi不bu變bian質zhi，不bu汙wu染ran，使shi其qi清qing潔jie衛wei生sheng
，保bao證zheng花hua卉hui生sheng長chang。

 

　　[7]冬季保暖。水培花卉冬季保暖工作，是比較難辦的一項管理內容，一般掌握溫度在8度以上，對於大部分水培花卉不至於受害，其最低溫度達不到5度的棚室
，就必須采用必要的保暖措施。