近幾年來,楊樹潰瘍病發生普遍,嚴重地塊發病率在30%以(yi)上(shang),已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)製(zhi)約(yue)速(su)生(sheng)楊(yang)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)因(yin)素(su)。楊(yang)樹(shu)苗(miao)在(zai)苗(miao)圃(pu)中(zhong)即(ji)可(ke)被(bei)浸(jin)染(ran),但(dan)多(duo)不(bu)表(biao)現(xian)症(zheng)狀(zhuang),隻(zhi)有(you)當(dang)楊(yang)樹(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)衰(shuai)弱(ruo)時(shi)才(cai)發(fa)病(bing),發(fa)病(bing)往(wang)往(wang)從(cong)莖(jing)部(bu)的(de)傷(shang)口(kou)、皮孔、死(si)芽(ya)及(ji)凍(dong)傷(shang)處(chu)開(kai)始(shi),形(xing)成(cheng)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)或(huo)不(bu)規(gui)則(ze)形(xing)的(de)黑(hei)褐(he)色(se)壞(huai)死(si)病(bing)斑(ban),當(dang)病(bing)斑(ban)橫(heng)向(xiang)擴(kuo)展(zhan)圍(wei)住(zhu)樹(shu)幹(gan)或(huo)枝(zhi)條(tiao)一(yi)周(zhou)時(shi),就(jiu)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)幼(you)樹(shu)死(si)亡(wang)和(he)大(da)樹(shu)枯(ku)梢(shao)。常見的楊樹潰瘍病有兩種類型,即真菌性潰瘍病和細菌性潰瘍病,因病原不同,其症狀和防治方法也會有一些差別,應予對症防治。
楊樹真菌性潰瘍病 由you真zhen菌jun引yin起qi的de潰kui瘍yang病bing又you可ke分fen為wei水shui泡pao型xing和he枯ku枝zhi型xing兩liang類lei。前qian者zhe隻zhi發fa生sheng在zai光guang皮pi楊yang樹shu上shang,在zai皮pi孔kong的de邊bian緣yuan形xing成cheng水shui泡pao,初chu為wei圓yuan形xing,極ji小xiao,後hou水shui泡pao變bian大da,常chang稱cheng為wei水shui泡pao型xing潰kui瘍yang病bing。泡pao內nei充chong滿man淡dan褐he色se液ye體ti,隨sui後hou水shui泡pao破po裂lie,流liu出chu淡dan褐he色se液ye體ti,遇yu空kong氣qi變bian為wei黑hei褐he色se,最zui後hou幹gan枯ku下xia陷xian,中zhong間jian有you一yi縱zong裂lie小xiao縫feng。後hou者zhe在zai發fa病bing時shi樹shu皮pi上shang出chu現xian水shui漬zi狀zhuang小xiao圓yuan斑ban,稍shao隆long起qi,手shou壓ya有you濕shi潤run感gan,後hou幹gan縮suo成cheng微wei陷xian的de圓yuan斑ban,呈cheng黑hei褐he色se。防fang治zhi措cuo施shi:一是選用抗病的楊樹優良品種,如I-107楊、L35楊、中荷1號楊、I-72楊、中林23yangdeng。ershijiaqiangmiaomuguanli。qingchumiaopuzhouweidebingshu,jianshaojinranyuan。qimiaozaizhishibaohugenxi,jinliangfangzhishanggen,yunshujiazhishibaochishuifen,zuihaozaiqimiaohoulijijinrushuizhong24小時,以利於樹皮保持含水量,栽植時剪去梢頭及側枝,造林後加強林分的撫育管理,增強樹勢。三是藥劑防治。發病期間可用菌特淨100倍液、50%多菌靈100倍液、菌毒清300倍液噴灑或塗幹。
楊樹細菌性潰瘍病 youxijunjinraneryinqideyangshubinghai。fabingchuqi,shuganpikongfujinchuxianshuipao,shouyajiliuchudaichouweideyeti,qineihanyoudaliangxijun。zuihoubingbugansuoxiaxianchengkuiyangban,banchupicengbianhesefulan,yanzhongshikeyinqishupiquanbufulan,quanzhukusi。fangzhicuoshi:一yi是shi加jia強qiang檢jian疫yi,嚴yan禁jin從cong疫yi區qu調tiao種zhong造zao林lin。二er是shi加jia強qiang苗miao圃pu管guan理li。在zai扡qian插cha育yu苗miao時shi,用yong薄bo膜mo覆fu蓋gai,防fang止zhi幹gan旱han和he凍dong害hai,提ti高gao地di溫wen,促cu進jin苗miao木mu生sheng長chang健jian壯zhuang,提ti高gao抗kang病bing性xing。在zai育yu苗miao插cha穗sui前qian,將jiang穗sui條tiao浸jin在zai600×10-6的農用鏈黴素液體中,浸泡24xiaoshi,yiyoufaduixijundekangxing,youliyutigaozhongmiaodekangbingnengli。sanshiqianghuayinglincuoshi。keyicaiquzaohunjiaolinhuozaizhikangxingqiangdeyangshupinzhong,youhualinfenjiegou,peiyuyouzikongnenglideshengtailin,youliyukongzhixijunxingkuiyangbing。duibingsishuhezhongbingshuyingjishifachu,dujuejinranyuan。sishiyaojifangzhi。yizaidamiao,keyuzaochunshuabaituji,huoyong1∶1∶160波爾多液或0.5波美度的石硫合劑噴幹,預防感染。還可在早春楊樹萌芽前或秋季落葉後,向苗木噴灑600×10-6的農用鏈黴素加樹木防凍劑110倍液,防止苗木遭受凍害,提高抗病能力。若發病率在 50%以上時,塗幹已無效,可平茬。
手機版




