煙草移栽工序多,技術性強,移栽前要做好挖坑、施shi肥fei等deng工gong作zuo。漂piao浮fu苗miao是shi采cai用yong基ji質zhi載zai體ti漂piao浮fu在zai營ying養yang液ye表biao麵mian的de一yi種zhong育yu苗miao方fang式shi,在zai成cheng苗miao移yi栽zai時shi,根gen係xi基ji本ben裸luo露lu,基ji肥fei應ying采cai用yong定ding位wei環huan施shi或huo條tiao施shi的de方fang式shi,避bi免mian由you於yu煙yan苗miao根gen係xi附fu近jin肥fei料liao濃nong度du過guo大da或huo根gen係xi直zhi接jie接jie觸chu肥fei料liao,造zao成cheng燒shao苗miao或huo抑yi製zhi煙yan苗miao生sheng長chang。移yi栽zai煙yan草cao漂piao浮fu苗miao時shi,一yi定ding要yao保bao證zheng移yi栽zai質zhi量liang(移栽質量主要指澆足定根水、無肥害,移栽時根正苗直、覆土適度、煙苗橫豎成行等),特別要注意做好以下幾點。
集中移栽 統一移栽時間,集中連片,在短時期間內完成移栽,以保證煙苗生長整齊。
適度深挖坑 挖(wa)坑(keng)應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)當(dang)地(di)確(que)定(ding)的(de)株(zhu)距(ju)進(jin)行(xing)。挖(wa)坑(keng)時(shi),要(yao)用(yong)有(you)標(biao)記(ji)號(hao)的(de)繩(sheng)子(zi)或(huo)尺(chi)子(zi)挖(wa)坑(keng),做(zuo)到(dao)坑(keng)與(yu)坑(keng)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)距(ju)離(li)一(yi)致(zhi),使(shi)每(mei)株(zhu)煙(yan)苗(miao)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)營(ying)養(yang)麵(mian)積(ji)和(he)體(ti)積(ji)基(ji)本(ben)相(xiang)同(tong),保(bao)證(zheng)生(sheng)長(chang)均(jun)勻(yun)整(zheng)齊(qi)。坑(keng)要(yao)挖(wa)得(de)深(shen)些(xie),使(shi)煙(yan)苗(miao)深(shen)栽(zai),促(cu)其(qi)苗(miao)早(zao)發(fa)快(kuai)長(chang)。
精心取苗和運苗 在取苗時,要淘汰帶病蟲的苗和弱苗,選擇大小一致的健壯煙苗。煙苗根係發達、抗逆性強、成cheng活huo率lv高gao是shi保bao證zheng煙yan草cao整zheng齊qi生sheng長chang的de基ji礎chu。漂piao浮fu苗miao取qu苗miao和he運yun苗miao比bi較jiao方fang便bian,隻zhi要yao把ba育yu苗miao盤pan從cong漂piao浮fu池chi取qu出chu放fang在zai運yun輸shu工gong具ju上shang運yun到dao煙yan地di即ji可ke移yi栽zai。在zai煙yan苗miao的de運yun輸shu過guo程cheng中zhong,要yao注zhu意yi用yong塑su料liao膜mo遮zhe蓋gai煙yan苗miao根gen部bu,上shang麵mian再zai蓋gai上shang較jiao厚hou的de遮zhe陽yang物wu,防fang止zhi烈lie日ri暴bao曬shai,以yi免mian煙yan苗miao水shui分fen蒸zheng發fa失shi水shui過guo多duo,造zao成cheng移yi栽zai後hou難nan以yi成cheng活huo。同tong時shi避bi免mian在zai中zhong午wu移yi栽zai,以yi防fang煙yan苗miao失shi水shui過guo多duo,延yan長chang緩huan苗miao時shi間jian。另ling外wai要yao控kong製zhi好hao苗miao齡ling,適shi齡ling移yi栽zai。
適當深栽,澆足定根水 移栽時,應把煙苗莖埋入土中5厘米以上,這樣既可增強其抗旱能力,又可促其不定根生長。煙苗栽植深度以煙苗生長點高於土表5~8厘米為宜。蓋土後,再以半徑10limizuoyouhuanraoyanmiaojiaoshuiyici。youyupiaofumiaogenbusuodaidejiezhiyuanshaoyuyingyangdaimiaosuodaiturangshuliang,yizaishijiaoshuiliangyingduoyuyingyangdaimiao。yizaishiqihouganhan、guangaitiaojianjiaochadediqu,yingjiadayizaiqiandejiaoshuiliang。yizaiqianzaikengzhongjiaoshuiyici,yizaishi,chenkengzhongdeshuihaiweixiashenwanshizaiyanmiao,chengzhiweimingshuishenzai,cifayoujiaohaodekanghanxiaoguo。yancaopiaofumiaoyizaihouhaiyaoyongyingyangtuhuochongfenfushudejiufeihuojieganfugai,zhejiyouliyukanghan,yeyouliyuyanmiaocegenshengchangfayu。shidangshenzai,jiaozudinggenshuiyouliyuyanmiaoxingchengpangdadegenxi,haikecujinyanmiaozaidatianzaoshengkuaifa。
查苗補缺及弱苗、小苗偏重管理 在移栽後7天要進行查苗補缺。進行田間查苗時,發現缺苗的要及時補栽同一品種的預備苗,發現弱苗、小苗應做出標誌,對其偏重管理,促使其盡快生長,趕上其他煙苗,確保全田煙株大小一致,生長整齊,為適群體、壯個體的形成打好基礎。
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