jinxienianlai,suizhemianhuaxinpinzhongdexuanyubuduanshenruhebozhongyumiaofangfadegaijin,yijinongyejixiehuachengdudetigao,miantiandezhongzhifangshiduiyumianhuagaochanxiandejiweizhongyao。
zaichangguimianzhongdangjiadeniandai,mianhuabozhongduoyizhiboweizhu,mianhuazhongzhimidujiaoda,mianhuadexingjujiaoxiao,mianhuashifeisashijiaoduo。dangzajiaomiandamianjituiguangyunyongzhihou,youyuzajiaomiandegetifayujiaoda,miantianmidusuizhibuduantiaojian,mianhuaxingjukuoda,mianhuashifeiduoshugaisashiweitiaoshihuozhexueshi。dangnongyongjixiezhujianjinrumiantianzhishi,mianhuaxingjujinyibukuoda,mianhuashifeixiangyingdigaiqiangouqianshiweishengoushenshi。kejian,shifeifangshiyeshisuizhezhongzhifangshibuduangaigefashengyanbiande。
我(wo)們(men)在(zai)大(da)麵(mian)積(ji)多(duo)點(dian)調(tiao)查(zha)棉(mian)花(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)情(qing)況(kuang)時(shi),常(chang)常(chang)遇(yu)到(dao)大(da)田(tian)棉(mian)花(hua)施(shi)肥(fei)與(yu)棉(mian)花(hua)種(zhong)植(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)矛(mao)盾(dun)的(de)案(an)例(li),有(you)的(de)農(nong)戶(hu)偏(pian)施(shi)了(le)氮(dan)素(su)肥(fei)料(liao),有(you)的(de)農(nong)戶(hu)一(yi)次(ci)投(tou)肥(fei)量(liang)過(guo)大(da),常(chang)引(yin)起(qi)棉(mian)花(hua)旺(wang)長(chang)或(huo)者(zhe)瘋(feng)長(chang),造(zao)成(cheng)棉(mian)花(hua)過(guo)早(zao)封(feng)行(xing),棉(mian)田(tian)蔭(yin)蔽(bi)嚴(yan)重(zhong),致(zhi)使(shi)棉(mian)花(hua)蕾(lei)鈴(ling)大(da)量(liang)脫(tuo)落(luo),或(huo)者(zhe)坐(zuo)桃(tao)之(zhi)後(hou)因(yin)為(wei)棉(mian)花(hua)行(xing)距(ju)較(jiao)窄(zhai),通(tong)風(feng)透(tou)光(guang)條(tiao)件(jian)惡(e)化(hua),棉(mian)鈴(ling)成(cheng)熟(shu)時(shi)間(jian)推(tui)遲(chi),吐(tu)絮(xu)不(bu)暢(chang),農(nong)民(min)常(chang)把(ba)原(yuan)因(yin)歸(gui)結(jie)為(wei)種(zhong)子(zi)問(wen)題(ti),與(yu)棉(mian)種(zhong)供(gong)應(ying)部(bu)門(men)扯(che)皮(pi),要(yao)求(qiu)賠(pei)償(chang)。而(er)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)棉(mian)花(hua)品(pin)種(zhong),在(zai)種(zhong)植(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)合(he)理(li)的(de)棉(mian)田(tian)卻(que)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)增(zeng)產(chan)豐(feng)收(shou),原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)這(zhe)些(xie)農(nong)戶(hu)的(de)棉(mian)花(hua)做(zuo)到(dao)了(le)科(ke)學(xue)配(pei)方(fang)施(shi)肥(fei),棉(mian)花(hua)行(xing)距(ju)較(jiao)大(da),棉(mian)花(hua)田(tian)間(jian)環(huan)境(jing)及(ji)長(chang)勢(shi)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei) “下封上不封,中間一條縫,陽光照得進,空氣能流通,葉小棉桃大,株穩不上衝”,棉花自身生存的生態環境良好,因此,結桃多,吐絮暢,個體與群體的發育比較和諧,良種與好的良法配套,能充分顯示增產優勢。
在雜交棉花麵積較大的棉區,不斷改革種植方式,是創造棉花合理的生存空間、探索棉花高產的有效途徑之一。改革種植方式的優勢在於:一是便於機械下地耕作,有利於深中耕、深施底肥、高壟培土;二是便於追施肥料、防治病蟲、整枝打杈等田間管理;三是便於排水抗旱,增強抗災能力;四是棉花空間距離較大,光照充足,空氣流通,光合效率高,製造養分快;五是能充分展示雜交棉花的特征特性;六是坐桃快,成桃率高,脫落率低,爛桃少,因而能優質高產。
現階段雜交棉種植麵積較大,在種植方式上要改窄行為寬行,提倡寬行密株的種植方式,肥力水平較高的地方,廂寬宜於2~2.4米(含溝),種植兩行棉花,行距1~1.2米,株距0.45~0.5米,每畝密度1300株左右。肥力中等的地方,也可采用三等行的方式,但行距不能低於1米。以上的種植方式,在較高的管理水平下,棉花單株成桃一般45個左右,每畝成桃55000~65000個,每畝籽棉平均600斤jin左zuo右you是shi有you望wang實shi現xian的de。眼yan下xia,秋qiu播bo生sheng產chan在zai即ji,各ge地di雜za交jiao棉mian種zhong植zhi較jiao大da的de棉mian區qu,應ying及ji時shi總zong結jie棉mian花hua種zhong植zhi方fang式shi方fang麵mian的de經jing驗yan教jiao訓xun,可ke隨sui即ji調tiao整zheng來lai年nian的de種zhong植zhi方fang式shi,也ye可ke在zai冬dong季ji比bi較jiao休xiu閑xian的de時shi節jie,繼ji續xu作zuo好hao調tiao整zheng。
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