(1)打(da)頂(ding)尖(jian)。棉(mian)花(hua)打(da)頂(ding)能(neng)打(da)破(po)頂(ding)端(duan)優(you)勢(shi),調(tiao)解(jie)有(you)機(ji)養(yang)分(fen)運(yun)輸(shu)方(fang)向(xiang),減(jian)少(shao)無(wu)效(xiao)果(guo)枝(zhi)。打(da)頂(ding)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)在(zai)於(yu)掌(zhang)握(wo)好(hao)打(da)頂(ding)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)和(he)方(fang)法(fa)。大(da)頂(ding)過(guo)早(zao),不(bu)僅(jin)減(jian)少(shao)了(le)有(you)效(xiao)果(guo)枝(zhi)和(he)秋(qiu)桃(tao),而(er)且(qie)還(hai)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)上(shang)部(bu)果(guo)枝(zhi)過(guo)長(chang),增(zeng)加(jia)田(tian)間(jian)隱(yin)蔽(bi)和(he)蕾(lei)鈴(ling)脫(tuo)落(luo),促(cu)使(shi)贅(zhui)芽(ya)叢(cong)生(sheng),消(xiao)耗(hao)養(yang)分(fen),管(guan)理(li)費(fei)工(gong);打頂過晚,起不到調解養分的作用,也會增加棉株上部無效果枝和蕾鈴,徒耗養分。適宜的打頂時間,應該根據棉花的長勢、地力、密度和當地初霜期等靈活掌握。我地一般棉田可在7月中旬打頂、如地肥、棉株長勢強、密度小、霜期晚,可推遲到7月下旬打頂,但最晚不超過7月25日;如地薄、棉株長勢弱、密度大、霜期早,可提前到7月上、中旬打頂。
在打頂方法上,應采用輕打頂,即摘去頂尖,帶一片小葉,不要大把揪。棉株生長整齊一次打清,反之,則分次打完。
(2)daqunjian。shijianzhengming,shuifeitiaojianhaomianzhuchangshiwanghuoyouyanzhongfengxingqushidemiantian,daqunjiannengkongzhimianhuadefengxingshijianhefengxingchengdu,gaishanguangzhaotiaojian,kongzhiwuxiaohualei,cujinzaoshu,jianshaolanling。shuifeitiaojiancha,mianzhuchangshijiaoruohuomeiyoufengxingqushidemiantian,kebudaqunjian。xuyaodaqunjiandemiantian,yibanxiabuguozhikeliu2~3個果節,中部果枝留3~4個果節,上部果枝視長勢留果節。打群尖應分期進行,一般打頂前一次,打頂後一次,最晚要在初霜期前70天左右打完。
(3)抹贅芽、打(da)老(lao)葉(ye)。稅(shui)費(fei)條(tiao)件(jian)好(hao),棉(mian)株(zhu)長(chang)勢(shi)旺(wang)或(huo)打(da)頂(ding)過(guo)早(zao)的(de)棉(mian)田(tian),常(chang)有(you)大(da)量(liang)贅(zhui)芽(ya)生(sheng)長(chang)。贅(zhui)芽(ya)消(xiao)耗(hao)養(yang)分(fen),影(ying)響(xiang)田(tian)間(jian)通(tong)風(feng)透(tou)光(guang),應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)去(qu)掉(diao)。對(dui)棉(mian)株(zhu)生(sheng)長(chang)過(guo)旺(wang),田(tian)間(jian)隱(yin)蔽(bi)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)棉(mian)田(tian),為(wei)改(gai)善(shan)田(tian)間(jian)通(tong)風(feng)透(tou)光(guang)條(tiao)件(jian),減(jian)少(shao)爛(lan)鈴(ling)和(he)脫(tuo)落(luo),可(ke)分(fen)期(qi)打(da)去(qu)主(zhu)莖(jing)中(zhong)下(xia)部(bu)的(de)老(lao)葉(ye)。
另ling外wai,花hua鈴ling期qi正zheng值zhi高gao溫wen多duo雨yu季ji節jie,土tu壤rang易yi水shui多duo缺que氣qi,降jiang低di根gen係xi吸xi收shou水shui肥fei能neng力li,影ying響xiang蕾lei鈴ling發fa育yu,致zhi使shi大da量liang蕾lei鈴ling脫tuo落luo。因yin此ci,花hua鈴ling期qi應ying及ji時shi中zhong耕geng鬆song土tu。花hua鈴ling期qi棉mian花hua根gen係xi的de再zai生sheng能neng力li減jian弱ruo,所suo以yi,中zhong耕geng宜yi淺qian,一yi般ban不bu超chao過guo6~7厘米,以免傷根過多,造成早衰。
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