種子繁育 中zhong藥yao材cai用yong種zhong子zi繁fan育yu最zui為wei普pu遍bian。種zhong子zi繁fan育yu技ji術shu簡jian單dan,利li於yu引yin種zhong馴xun化hua和he新xin品pin種zhong培pei育yu。但dan是shi種zhong子zi繁fan育yu的de後hou代dai容rong易yi產chan生sheng變bian異yi,開kai花hua結jie實shi較jiao遲chi,尤you其qi是shi木mu本ben中zhong藥yao材cai用yong種zhong子zi繁fan育yu所suo需xu年nian限xian很hen長chang。所suo以yi中zhong藥yao材cai良liang種zhong繁fan育yu,一yi是shi加jia速su繁fan育yu新xin的de優you良liang品pin種zhong,以yi便bian更geng換huan已yi在zai生sheng產chan上shang應ying用yong的de老lao品pin種zhong;ershibaochixinpinzhongdeyouliangxingzhuang,fangzhihunzahetuihua。ruyuanhudekuaijingfenmuyuanhuheziyuanhu,shengchanshangbixuyongziyuanhuzuozhongcainengyouzhigaochan。yourubeimu,yinfanyuxishuhendi,weibaozhengzhongzidezhiliang,shengchanshangchangjiangshangpinbeimushengchandihezhongzifanyudifenkai。
營養繁育 營養繁育在中藥材栽培中約占35%,如分根、分株或用鱗莖、塊莖、珠芽等繁育。有些中藥材收種子非常困難或不結種子,如黃連、川(chuan)芎(xiong)等(deng),生(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)一(yi)直(zhi)采(cai)用(yong)營(ying)養(yang)繁(fan)育(yu)。中(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)用(yong)營(ying)養(yang)繁(fan)育(yu)比(bi)用(yong)種(zhong)子(zi)繁(fan)育(yu)生(sheng)長(chang)快(kuai),產(chan)量(liang)高(gao),生(sheng)長(chang)年(nian)限(xian)短(duan),並(bing)能(neng)保(bao)持(chi)母(mu)本(ben)優(you)良(liang)性(xing)狀(zhuang),故(gu)多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)。如(ru)貝(bei)母(mu)用(yong)鱗(lin)莖(jing)繁(fan)育(yu)1年即可收獲,種子繁育需5年才能收獲。但有時長期營養繁育易引起品種退化,如地黃、山藥等,須注意隨時去雜、去劣,適時倒栽,防止退化。天麻長期營養繁育,品種退化嚴重,用天麻種子繁育 (樹葉菌床法),長勢增強,既解決了品種退化問題,又解決了種源缺乏問題,產量和質量並增。
組織培養 中藥材的組織培養就是把分離出來的中藥材組織(根、莖、葉的段、片、塊等)放(fang)入(ru)含(han)有(you)一(yi)種(zhong)合(he)成(cheng)培(pei)養(yang)基(ji)的(de)瓶(ping)中(zhong),於(yu)無(wu)菌(jun)操(cao)作(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)使(shi)之(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)或(huo)發(fa)育(yu)。它(ta)利(li)用(yong)中(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)體(ti)細(xi)胞(bao)的(de)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)力(li),培(pei)育(yu)出(chu)保(bao)持(chi)原(yuan)品(pin)種(zhong)固(gu)有(you)性(xing)狀(zhuang)和(he)特(te)性(xing)的(de)植(zhi)株(zhu),是(shi)現(xian)代(dai)先(xian)進(jin)的(de)中(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)快(kuai)速(su)繁(fan)育(yu)技(ji)術(shu)。在(zai)中(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)GAP(中藥材生產質量管理規範)zhongzhizhong,changyongzuzhipeiyangdefangfajinxingwubingduzhizhuyuzhongheshengchanwugonghaidelvsezhongyaocai。rudihuangnongjiapinzhongjinzhuangyuan,jingguojingjianpeiyangsuodewubingdumiaoyuyuanpinzhongxiangbi,binghaiqing,chanlianggao,keshiyinganranbingduertuihuadepinzhongfuzhuang。guyingyongshengwujishujinxingzhongyaocaiyouliangpinzhongdepeiyu(包括多倍體育種和其他育種技術)和克隆化快速繁育,然後按國家GAP要求建立大麵積生產基地,是從根本上解決我國中藥材質量問題的有效途徑之一。
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