(一)蛋形成過程中的胚胎發育
從卵巢上排出的卵子被輸卵管漏鬥部接納,後與精子相遇受精。由於母雞體溫高達41.5℃,卵子受精不久即開始發育。到蛋產出體外為止,受精卵約經24小(xiao)時(shi)的(de)不(bu)斷(duan)分(fen)裂(lie)而(er)形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)多(duo)細(xi)胞(bao)的(de)胚(pei)胎(tai)。隨(sui)著(zhe)卵(luan)黃(huang)的(de)累(lei)積(ji),生(sheng)殖(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)即(ji)漸(jian)漸(jian)升(sheng)到(dao)卵(luan)黃(huang)的(de)表(biao)麵(mian)恰(qia)好(hao)在(zai)卵(luan)黃(huang)膜(mo)的(de)下(xia)麵(mian)。未(wei)受(shou)精(jing)的(de)蛋(dan),生(sheng)殖(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)在(zai)蛋(dan)形(xing)成(cheng)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)再(zai)分(fen)裂(lie),破(po)視(shi)蛋(dan)黃(huang)表(biao)麵(mian)有(you)一(yi)白(bai)點(dian),稱(cheng)為(wei)胚(pei)珠(zhu)。受(shou)精(jing)後(hou)的(de)蛋(dan),生(sheng)殖(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)在(zai)輸(shu)卵(luan)管(guan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),經(jing)過(guo)分(fen)裂(lie),形(xing)成(cheng)中(zhong)央(yang)透(tou)明(ming)、zhouweiandepanzhuangxingyuanchangpei,jiaopeipan。peitaizaipeipandemingqubufenkaishifayubingxingchenglianggebutongdexibaoceng,zaiwaicengdejiaowaipeiceng,neicengdejiaoneipeiceng。danchanchutiwaihou,youyuwaijieqiwendiyupeitaifayusuoxudelinjiewendu,peitaifayusuizhitingzhi。
(二)孵化期中胚胎的發育
在適宜的孵化條件下,胚胎繼續發育,直至長成雛雞破殼而出。在孵化期中發育的早期(孵化第1~4天)為內部器官發育階段;中期(孵化第5~15天)為外部器官發育階段;後期(孵化第16~19天)為雞胚的生長階段。雞胚胎發育過程中的主要形態特征見下表。
雞胚胎發育過程中的三個危險時期
(一)孵化前期的危險期
孵化後的第2~5天,這時胚胎各個器官的分化、xingchengjuliedijinxing,ruxinzangkaishibodong,xueyexunhuandejianlijigetaimodexingchengjunchuyuchujijieduan,taimodegongnengbugoujianquan,peitaideshengminglibijiaocuiruo,fuhuatiaojianshaoyoubudang,ruwenduguogaohuoguodi,huocishijinxingpensahuoxunzhengxiaodu,junhuizaochengpeitaidesiwang。zheshipeitaifayuguochengzhongdediyigeweixianshiqi。
(二)孵化中期的危險期
孵化的第12~13tian,shiyangmodaoyuyangmoqiangliantong,danbaikaishiliujinyangmoqiangzhijiebeipeitaitunshi,peitaikaishilechukeqiandechangguanyingyangshiqi,zheshiyigeguanjiandezhuanzhejieduan。ruguocishiwendu、濕shi度du不bu正zheng常chang,將jiang影ying響xiang羊yang膜mo道dao與yu羊yang膜mo腔qiang的de連lian通tong,蛋dan白bai進jin不bu到dao羊yang膜mo腔qiang被bei胚pei胎tai利li用yong或huo蛋dan白bai代dai謝xie受shou阻zu,常chang會hui造zao成cheng中zhong胚pei大da批pi死si亡wang。這zhe是shi雞ji胚pei胎tai發fa育yu的de第di二er個ge危wei險xian時shi期qi。
(三)孵化後期的危險期
孵化的第19~20天tian,這zhe時shi尿niao囊nang萎wei縮suo,尿niao囊nang血xue管guan的de呼hu吸xi機ji能neng消xiao失shi,雞ji胚pei胎tai由you尿niao囊nang呼hu吸xi轉zhuan變bian為wei肺fei呼hu吸xi,需xu要yao大da量liang氧yang氣qi。此ci時shi如ru果guo通tong風feng不bu良liang,氣qi體ti代dai謝xie發fa生sheng障zhang礙ai,如ru肺fei部bu或huo氣qi管guan中zhong尚shang有you蛋dan白bai堵du塞sai,或huo胎tai位wei不bu正zheng,喙hui部bu不bu能neng進jin入ru氣qi室shi利li用yong氣qi室shi中zhong的de氧yang氣qi,胚pei胎tai即ji會hui死si亡wang。此ci時shi如ru果guo溫wen度du過guo高gao,胚pei胎tai呼hu吸xi加jia快kuai,而er氧yang氣qi量liang不bu夠gou,亦yi會hui造zao成cheng胚pei胎tai死si亡wang。這zhe是shi雞ji胚pei胎tai發fa育yu的de第di三san個ge危wei險xian時shi期qi。
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