一、問、看、聽、觸診斷法 問,就是向飼養員詢問與發病有關的情況。即發病經過,產蛋、采食、飲水變化,發病數量和死亡情況、siliaozhiliangdeng。wendemudezaiyufaxianwenti。kan,jiushitongguozhakanjiqunzhengtihegetizhuangkuangcongzhongfaxianwenti。ruoquntifeishizeweidabinglinzhao。ruoyicehuoshuangceyanjianzhongzhang、粘合,眼睛突出成“凸眼金魚”yangzeweizhiyuantibing。ruoxiongfuheliangtuineicepixiafuzhongqingzizeweiputaoqiujunbing。ruobingjidunfudimianhuoqijiazhishang,toujingqianshenyonglizhangkouxiqizeweihouqiguanzhi。qitaruguanrancangbai、羽毛鬆亂、排pai稀xi便bian等deng幾ji乎hu是shi所suo有you病bing雞ji都dou有you的de共gong同tong症zheng狀zhuang,診zhen斷duan時shi不bu要yao將jiang此ci作zuo為wei診zhen斷duan的de根gen據ju。聽ting,就jiu是shi用yong耳er朵duo聽ting雞ji群qun的de聲sheng音yin變bian化hua。如ru大da蛋dan難nan產chan阻zu塞sai輸shu卵luan管guan下xia部bu引yin起qi陣zhen痛tong,常chang發fa出chu尖jian銳rui叫jiao聲sheng;雞新城疫常聽到“咯咯”叫jiao聲sheng。觸chu,就jiu是shi用yong手shou觸chu摸mo病bing雞ji的de一yi定ding部bu位wei來lai感gan覺jiao診zhen斷duan病bing之zhi所suo在zai。如ru對dui一yi些xie老lao齡ling病bing雞ji或huo長chang期qi冠guan冉ran蒼cang白bai雞ji,用yong手shou觸chu摸mo其qi腹fu部bu,常chang可ke觸chu到dao腹fu腔qiang有you腫zhong瘤liu存cun在zai。
二、剖檢診斷法 剖(pou)一(yi)見(jian)百(bai),選(xuan)擇(ze)有(you)典(dian)型(xing)臨(lin)床(chuang)症(zheng)狀(zhuang)的(de)病(bing)雞(ji)或(huo)死(si)雞(ji)數(shu)隻(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)剖(pou)檢(jian),能(neng)幫(bang)助(zhu)了(le)解(jie)全(quan)群(qun)病(bing)雞(ji)發(fa)病(bing)情(qing)況(kuang)。不(bu)同(tong)的(de)病(bing)原(yuan)菌(jun)入(ru)侵(qin)機(ji)體(ti)之(zhi)後(hou),都(dou)可(ke)選(xuan)擇(ze)性(xing)地(di)破(po)壞(huai)某(mou)些(xie)器(qi)官(guan)的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)功(gong)能(neng),並(bing)在(zai)其(qi)受(shou)害(hai)器(qi)官(guan)上(shang)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)病(bing)理(li)變(bian)化(hua)。再(zai)結(jie)合(he)臨(lin)床(chuang)特(te)征(zheng)進(jin)行(xing)跟(gen)蹤(zong)追(zhui)查(zha)更(geng)有(you)助(zhu)於(yu)確(que)切(qie)診(zhen)斷(duan)。如(ru)剖(pou)檢(jian)腺(xian)胃(wei)粘(zhan)膜(mo)水(shui)腫(zhong),乳(ru)頭(tou)頂(ding)端(duan)或(huo)乳(ru)頭(tou)間(jian)出(chu)血(xue)或(huo)潰(kui)瘍(yang)、壞死,盲腸扁桃體腫大出血壞死,又見生前常發“咯咯”叫聲,即可懷疑為雞新城疫。如剖檢肺、氣囊、胸腹腔漿膜上有大小不等的黴菌結節,氣囊膜變厚渾濁,又見病前有喂發黴變質飼料史,即可懷疑為雞曲黴菌病等。
三、流行病學診斷法 就是根據疾病發生過程、fabingsiwangqingkuang,congzhongzhaochuguilvxingdedongxi。rubingyuantiduliyouqiangyouruo,ruqinjitihou,qifabingguochengyoujiyouhuan,fabinglvhesiwanglvyougaoyoudi,wangwangqubiemingxian。yibanshuo,bingduxingjibingfabinglvhesiwanglvgao,liuxingguang。jihuoluanfabingji,changzaiyejianturansiwang,zaijiqunbiaoxianchangweisanfaxing。chuanranxingfashinangyanqianfuqiduan,chuanbosudukuai。jidouyoumingxianjijiexing。jibailizhuyaofashengzaixiaoji。
四、投“石”問路診斷法 就是在一時尚難準確判斷病性前提下試投某種藥物進行治療性診斷的一種方法。如投服抗菌藥物後效果不明顯,多為病毒性疾病。
五、從品種年齡角度診斷 某(mou)些(xie)疾(ji)病(bing)對(dui)不(bu)同(tong)品(pin)種(zhong)有(you)易(yi)感(gan)性(xing),這(zhe)是(shi)臨(lin)床(chuang)上(shang)常(chang)見(jian)的(de)現(xian)象(xiang),如(ru)本(ben)地(di)品(pin)適(shi)應(ying)性(xing)抗(kang)病(bing)性(xing)強(qiang)不(bu)易(yi)患(huan)病(bing),而(er)引(yin)進(jin)品(pin)種(zhong)就(jiu)差(cha)多(duo)了(le)。如(ru)白(bai)洛(luo)克(ke)雞(ji)易(yi)受(shou)馬(ma)立(li)克(ke)氏(shi)病(bing)毒(du)攻(gong)擊(ji),而(er)本(ben)地(di)雞(ji)就(jiu)相(xiang)對(dui)輕(qing)微(wei)。一(yi)般(ban)說(shuo),幼(you)雞(ji)抗(kang)病(bing)力(li)低(di)於(yu)成(cheng)雞(ji),如(ru)球(qiu)蟲(chong)病(bing)、雞白痢等對幼雞危害極大而成雞則多為陰性感染。
以(yi)上(shang)五(wu)個(ge)方(fang)麵(mian)具(ju)體(ti)運(yun)用(yong)時(shi)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)考(kao)慮(lv)各(ge)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)相(xiang)輔(fu)相(xiang)成(cheng),要(yao)善(shan)於(yu)融(rong)會(hui)貫(guan)通(tong)。一(yi)般(ban)能(neng)用(yong)一(yi)種(zhong)診(zhen)斷(duan)方(fang)法(fa)解(jie)決(jue)的(de)問(wen)題(ti),就(jiu)不(bu)要(yao)把(ba)所(suo)有(you)的(de)診(zhen)斷(duan)方(fang)法(fa)都(dou)用(yong)上(shang),以(yi)免(mian)引(yin)起(qi)診(zhen)斷(duan)紊(wen)亂(luan)而(er)抓(zhua)不(bu)住(zhu)重(zhong)點(dian)。有(you)時(shi)候(hou)需(xu)要(yao)兩(liang)種(zhong)或(huo)多(duo)種(zhong)診(zhen)斷(duan)方(fang)法(fa)相(xiang)互(hu)配(pei)合(he)使(shi)用(yong)。如(ru)還(hai)有(you)一(yi)些(xie)合(he)並(bing)症(zheng)和(he)疑(yi)難(nan)症(zheng),通(tong)過(guo)綜(zong)合(he)診(zhen)斷(duan)仍(reng)不(bu)能(neng)確(que)診(zhen)時(shi)則(ze)需(xu)送(song)化(hua)驗(yan)室(shi)作(zuo)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)診(zhen)斷(duan)。
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