本文介紹了全球範圍內豬斷奶前後和繁殖期中6種最常見疾病的症狀
、治療和預防措施。

 

    yangzhushengchanzheyaoxianghuodechenggong
，baochizhuqunjiankangshiguanjian。weici，youbiyaolejiezhuqunzhongkenengchuxiandejibing。suoyouzhuchanggongzuorenyuandouyingnengfaxianchangjianjibingdezhengzhuang
，bingqiezhuoqingtixingguanlizhehuoshouyi。xiayibujiushijishiduizhushiyongheshideyaowu。yufangxianranshengyuzhiliao
，bingqiezhidingzhuqunjiankangjihua，jiangyouzhuyujianshaojibingdefabinglv。benwenjiangzhenduishengchandesangejieduan(斷奶前、生長-育肥、繁殖)
，對每個階段提供兩種常見疾病的信息。

 

 

    1、滲出性皮炎(豬皮脂溢病)

 

    zhezhongjibingdezhengzhuangshipifuchuxiansunshang，shiyouzhuputaoqiujunganrandaozhide。youyuxijunsunhaiganzangheshenzang，yanzhongdeqingkuangxiakedaozhizhusiwang。bingbianshouxiancongpifushensequyukaishichuxian，ranhoumanyanchengweipianzhuangqiemoshangquyouyounigan。zhezhongganrankeyishiyongkangshengsuhepifubaohujijinxingzhiliao，zitiyimiaoyeyoushiyongchenggongdexianli。yufangzhezhongjibingdeguanjianshigaishanzaizhushedehuanjingweishengtiaojian，tongshizaifenmianqianhouduimuzhurutoujinxingxiaodu。tongyangzhongyaodeshi，yaojianshaoduipifucashangdeqianzaiweixie
，yinweicashanghoubingyuanjunhuicongshangkouchuqinruzhutineidaozhiganrandefasheng。cashanghuiyoucucaodediban
、參差不齊的牙齒、尖銳的設備甚至疥蟎叮咬造成的。

 

    2、球蟲病

 

    這種疾病在哺乳期仔豬中很常見，是由三種細胞內寄生的球蟲引起的。可導致腹瀉，有時出現便血，常發生於10日齡到21日齡乃至15zhoulingdezaizhu。jixingbinglitongguobuyeliaofahekangqiuchongyaozhiliao。changbishousunhoukedaozhijifaganran。caiyongshidangdekangqiuchongyaowuyufangmuzhuqiuchongbingdefasheng
，zhequjueyuzhuchangdefabinglv。ganranzhouqijieshuhouyaogaijinhuanjingweisheng，muzhufenbianshizhuyaochuanranyuan，erqiecangyingkeyichuanboganran。tigongwennuan
、幹燥、清潔的教槽區將有助於減少寄生蟲的負荷和球蟲感染的可能性。

 

 

    3
、呼吸道疾病

 

    咳嗽
、打噴嚏、腹式呼吸
、生長速度降低和潛在的死亡率增加都是呼吸道疾病的症狀。根據不同的病因
，可將抗生素添加到飼料、飲yin水shui中zhong
，或huo者zhe進jin行xing注zhu射she。通tong風feng不bu良liang或huo惡e劣lie環huan境jing條tiao件jian會hui加jia劇ju呼hu吸xi係xi統tong疾ji病bing的de發fa生sheng。例li如ru，過guo高gao的de氨an濃nong度du可ke損sun害hai呼hu吸xi道dao
，使shi豬zhu易yi發fa感gan染ran。傳chuan染ran性xing的de病bing原yuan微wei生sheng物wu包bao括kuo豬zhu鏈lian球qiu菌jun和he巴ba氏shi杆gan菌jun。對dui於yu一yi些xie類lei型xing的de肺fei炎yan，已yi經jing有you相xiang應ying的de疫yi苗miao，但dan是shi需xu要yao對dui於yu影ying響xiang豬zhu場chang的de病bing原yuan菌jun菌jun株zhu進jin行xing鑒jian定ding，以yi確que保bao免mian疫yi成cheng功gong。胸xiong膜mo肺fei炎yan由you肺fei炎yan放fang線xian杆gan菌jun引yin起qi，會hui導dao致zhi顯xian著zhu的de死si亡wang率lv上shang升sheng，且qie轉zhuan歸gui期qi豬zhu的de生sheng長chang速su度du會hui下xia降jiang
，肺fei髒zang受shou到dao損sun傷shang。飼si養yang密mi度du過guo大da
、豬舍塵土飛揚以及豬繁殖及呼吸綜合征(PRRS)病毒是呼吸道疾病的誘因。

 

    4、豬痢疾

 

    患有這種疾病的豬會出現腹瀉症狀，時有血便。該病由短螺旋體引起。斷奶後的仔豬生長速度會降低， 且在某些情況下會出現突然死亡。可以使用拌料
、飲水或肌注的方式使用抗生素治療該病。降低飼養密度可以有效地降低感染壓力和豬群的應激。提高衛生水平、滅鼠也是優先考慮的措施，齧齒動物是這種疾病的載體。管理者需審視購買和替換豬群的策略，因為這是該病傳入豬場的主要途徑。

種畜

 

    5、乳腺炎

 

    母豬乳腺炎的症狀包括泌乳量下降、食shi欲yu降jiang低di和he體ti溫wen升sheng高gao。該gai病bing是shi由you細xi菌jun感gan染ran乳ru腺xian導dao致zhi的de，感gan染ran部bu位wei皮pi膚fu的de顏yan色se會hui發fa生sheng變bian化hua。抗kang生sheng素su和he抗kang炎yan藥yao物wu可ke以yi進jin行xing有you效xiao治zhi療liao。催cui產chan素su可ke以yi用yong於yu催cui乳ru，糖tang皮pi質zhi激ji素su的de使shi用yong要yao遵zun醫yi囑zhu。產chan房fang的de衛wei生sheng很hen重zhong要yao，同tong時shi應ying在zai妊ren娠shen後hou期qi加jia強qiang營ying養yang，以yi提ti高gao免mian疫yi力li。應ying激ji也ye是shi發fa病bing因yin素su之zhi一yi，要yao確que保bao母mu豬zhu舍she的de設she施shi不bu會hui損sun傷shang母mu豬zhu乳ru頭tou。這zhe種zhong疾ji病bing會hui對dui生sheng產chan成cheng績ji產chan生sheng顯xian著zhu影ying響xiang，因yin為wei會hui對dui母mu豬zhu的de斷duan奶nai仔zai豬zhu數shu產chan生sheng潛qian在zai影ying響xiang。

 

    6、豬細小病毒

 

    如果懷孕母豬感染了細小病毒(PPV)，keyinfashengzhixitongjibing，danshibingbushisuoyouqingkuangdoushiruci。shengzhixitongjibingzuichangjianfashengyuxiaomuzhu，huiduiqifanzhixingnengchanshengxianzhuyingxiang。yichuxianmunaiyitaihesitai
，daozhiwochanzishujianshao。qitafanzhixitongjibingyehuichuxianzhexiezhengzhuang
，suoyizhunquezhenduanfeichangzhongyao。ciwai，butongdeshi，gaibingdukeyizaixiuzhutiwaicunhuoshuyue
，shizhikezaidaduoshuzhuqunzhongliuxing。suiranPPV隻(zhi)對(dui)懷(huai)孕(yun)母(mu)豬(zhu)是(shi)個(ge)問(wen)題(ti)

，但(dan)其(qi)他(ta)豬(zhu)能(neng)夠(gou)傳(chuan)播(bo)該(gai)病(bing)毒(du)。對(dui)於(yu)該(gai)病(bing)並(bing)沒(mei)有(you)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)治(zhi)療(liao)方(fang)法(fa)，因(yin)此(ci)為(wei)了(le)預(yu)防(fang)這(zhe)種(zhong)疾(ji)病(bing)

，對(dui)於(yu)母(mu)豬(zhu)定(ding)期(qi)進(jin)行(xing)免(mian)疫(yi)接(jie)種(zhong)是(shi)可(ke)行(xing)的(de)辦(ban)法(fa)。

 

 

    在疾病預防方麵，不斷重複出現的問題包括衛生、tongfenghejiangdiyingji。yangzhushengchanzhexuyaoweizhutigongyigezuiheshidehuanjing，qiebingyuanweishengwubushiyishengcun。weilejiangdiganranyali
，bixutongguozuijiadeyingyanghelianghaodesiyangguanlilaizengqiangmianyili。yufangxianranshengyuzhiliao，zhidingzhuqunjiankangjihuajiangyouzhuyujianshaojibingdefabinglv。tongguozaishengchanzhouqidegegejieduanbaochilianghaodeshengwuanquan，jiangfeichangyouzhuyujianshaojibingdebaofa。guanlizhehaiyingdangquebaoconggaodujiankangdezhuqungoumaizhongchubingqiezaiyinjinqianshidanggeli。benwenxiangxijieshaole6zhongchangjianzhubing，danshigenjuzhuchangweizhibutongyehuicunzaiqitabutongdejibing。renmenbuduandikaifayimiao

，bingqiezhenduixuduojibingdouyouchangguidemianyichengxu。raner
，shengchanzheyingshikebaochijingti，quebaosuoyouyangzhirenyuandoulejiechangjianjibingdetezhenghezhengzhuang。

 

選自《國際豬業》2016年4/5月