一、組織培養腫瘤細胞生物學特性

腫瘤細胞與體內正常細胞相比，不論在體內或在體外，在形態

、生長增值、遺(yi)傳(chuan)性(xing)狀(zhuang)等(deng)方(fang)麵(mian)都(dou)有(you)顯(xian)著(zhu)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)。生(sheng)長(chang)在(zai)體(ti)內(nei)的(de)腫(zhong)瘤(liu)細(xi)胞(bao)和(he)在(zai)體(ti)外(wai)培(pei)養(yang)的(de)腫(zhong)瘤(liu)細(xi)胞(bao)
，其(qi)差(cha)異(yi)較(jiao)小(xiao)，但(dan)也(ye)並(bing)非(fei)完(wan)全(quan)相(xiang)同(tong)。培(pei)養(yang)中(zhong)的(de)腫(zhong)瘤(liu)細(xi)胞(bao)具(ju)以(yi)下(xia)突(tu)出(chu)特(te)點(dian)：

 

（－）形態和性狀

培養中癌細胞無光學顯微鏡下特異形態，大多數腫瘤細胞鏡下觀察比二倍體細胞清晰，核膜、核he仁ren輪lun廓kuo明ming顯xian，核he糖tang體ti顆ke粒li豐feng富fu。電dian鏡jing觀guan察cha癌ai細xi胞bao表biao麵mian的de微wei絨rong毛mao多duo而er細xi密mi
，微wei絲si走zou行xing不bu如ru正zheng常chang細xi胞bao規gui則ze，可ke能neng與yu腫zhong瘤liu細xi胞bao具ju有you不bu定ding向xiang運yun動dong和he錨mao著zhe不bu依yi賴lai性xing有you關guan。

 

（二）生長增殖 

腫(zhong)瘤(liu)細(xi)胞(bao)在(zai)體(ti)內(nei)具(ju)有(you)不(bu)受(shou)控(kong)增(zeng)殖(zhi)性(xing)，在(zai)體(ti)外(wai)培(pei)養(yang)中(zhong)仍(reng)如(ru)此(ci)。正(zheng)常(chang)二(er)倍(bei)體(ti)細(xi)胞(bao)在(zai)體(ti)外(wai)培(pei)養(yang)中(zhong)不(bu)加(jia)血(xue)清(qing)不(bu)能(neng)增(zeng)殖(zhi)，是(shi)因(yin)血(xue)清(qing)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)很(hen)細(xi)胞(bao)增(zeng)殖(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)因(yin)子(zi)，而(er)癌(ai)細(xi)胞(bao)在(zai)低(di)血(xue)清(qing)中(zhong)（2％～5％）rengnengshengchang。yizhengmingzhongliuxibaoyouzimihuoneimixingchanshengcuzengzhiyinzinengli。zhengchangxibaofashengzhuanhuahou
，chuxiannengzaidixueqingpeiyangjizhongshengchangdexianxiang，yichengweijiancexibaoebiandeyigezhibiao。aixibaohuopeiyangzhongfashengexingzhuanhuahoudedangexibaopeiyangshi
，xingchengjiluo（克隆）的能力比正常細胞強。另外癌細胞增殖數量增多擴展時
，接觸抑製消除，細胞能相互重疊向三維空間發展，形成堆積物。

 

 （三）永生性

永生性也稱不死性。在體外培養中表現為細胞可無限傳代而不凋亡（Apoptosis）。tiwaipeiyangzhongdezhongliuxibaoxihuoxibaozhudoubiaoxianyouzhezhongxingzhuang
，tineizhongliuxibaoshifourucishangwuzhijiezhengming。yinexingzhongliuzhongjiangshasixiuzhubingtongguiyujin，congernanyizhengmingzheyixingzhuangdecunzai。tiwaizhongaixibaodeyongshengxingshifounengfanzhengtazaitineishitongyangruci
？yeshangnankending。congjinnianjianlixibaoxihuozhudeguochengshuoming，ruguoyongshengxingshitineizhongliuxibaosuoguyoude，zhongliuxibaoyingyiyupeiyang。shishishang，duoshuzhongliuxibaochudaipeiyangshibingbunamerongyi。shengchangzengzhibingbuwangsheng；經(jing)過(guo)純(chun)化(hua)成(cheng)單(dan)一(yi)化(hua)瘤(liu)細(xi)胞(bao)後(hou)，也(ye)大(da)多(duo)增(zeng)殖(zhi)若(ruo)幹(gan)代(dai)後(hou)
，便(bian)出(chu)現(xian)類(lei)似(si)二(er)倍(bei)體(ti)細(xi)胞(bao)培(pei)養(yang)中(zhong)的(de)停(ting)滯(zhi)期(qi)。過(guo)此(ci)階(jie)段(duan)後(hou)才(cai)獲(huo)得(de)永(yong)生(sheng)性(xing)，順(shun)利(li)傳(chuan)代(dai)生(sheng)長(chang)下(xia)去(qu)。從(cong)而(er)說(shuo)明(ming)體(ti)外(wai)腫(zhong)瘤(liu)細(xi)胞(bao)的(de)永(yong)生(sheng)性(xing)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)體(ti)外(wai)培(pei)養(yang)後(hou)獲(huo)得(de)的(de)。從(cong)一(yi)些(xie)具(ju)有(you)永(yong)生(sheng)性(xing)而(er)無(wu)惡(e)性(xing)性(xing)的(de)細(xi)胞(bao)係(xi)，如(ru)NIH3T3
、Rat－1、10T1/2等細胞證明，永生性和惡性（包括浸潤性）是兩種性狀，受不同基因調控
，但卻有相關性。可能永生性是細胞惡變的階段。至少在體外是如此。