In recent weeks, recruiters for Consolidated Container Co. have seen job candidates arrive up to an hour early for interviews. Other candidates have alluded to financial hardships while in the hot seat, and one person even distributed bound copies of documents describing projects he completed for past employers.

These sorts of tactics aren't exactly winners.

In today's ultracompetitive job market, even getting an interview is a feat. Yet recruiters and hiring managers say many unemployed candidates blow the opportunity by appearing desperate or bitter about their situations -- often without realizing it.

'People are becoming a lot more aggressive,' says Julie Loubaton, director of recruiting and talent management for Atlanta-based Consolidated Container. 'They often wind up hurting themselves.'

At an interview, you want to stand out for the right reasons. To do so, you'll need to leave your baggage and anxiety at the door. For starters, wait until 10 minutes before your scheduled interview time to announce yourself. Arriving any sooner 'shows that you're not respectful of the time the hiring manager put aside for you,' says Ms. Loubaton, adding that a candidate who arrived an hour early made workers uncomfortable. 'Companies really don't want someone camped out in their lobby.'

Signal confidence by offering a firm handshake, adds Wendy Alfus Rothman, president of Wenroth Consulting Inc., an executive coaching firm in New York. Focus your attention on the interviewer. Avoid looking around the room, tapping your fingers, or other nervous movements.

No matter how you're feeling, keep your personal woes out of the interview process, asserts Ms. Alfus Rothman. Instead, always exude an upbeat attitude. For example, if you were laid off, instead of lamenting the situation, you might say the experience prompted you to reassess your skills, and that's what led you here. 'You want to demonstrate resilience in the face of unpredictable obstacles,' she says.

Meanwhile, show you've done your homework on the company by explaining how your background and track record relates to its current needs, adds Deborah Markus, founder of Columbus Advisors LLC, an executive-search firm in New York. This is particularly important if the firm is in a different industry than the one you worked in before. To stand out, you'll need to look up more than just basics on company leadership and core businesses. You'll also need to find out -- and understand -- how recent changes in the marketplace have affected the firm, its competitors and industry overall. Read recent company press releases, annual reports, media coverage and industry blogs, and consult with trusted members of your network. 'Companies that may have been performing well just a few months ago might be in survival mode now,' says Ms. Markus. 'You want to understand how [they're] positioned today.'

Also, be sure to show you're a strong fit for the particular position you're seeking, adds Kathy Marsico, senior vice president of human resources at PDI Inc., a Saddle River, N.J., provider of sales and marketing services for pharmaceutical companies. Offer examples of past accomplishments -- not just responsibilities you've held -- and describe how they're relevant to the opportunity. 'You must differentiate yourself like never before,' she says. 'You need to customize yourself and make yourself memorable.'

Sherry R. Brickman, a partner at executive-search firm Martin Partners LLC, says a candidate recently impressed her with this sort of preparation. 'He knew the company's product line and what markets it was already in,' she says of the man, who was interviewing for an executive post at a midsize industrial manufacturer. 'He clearly and effectively explained how he could cut costs, increase sales and expand market share based on what he'd done in his current job.' The candidate was hired.

Be careful not to go too far, though, in your quest to stand out. For example, it may be tempting to offer to work temporarily for free or to take a lesser salary than what a job pays. But experts say such bold moves often backfire on candidates. 'Employers want value,' says Lee Miller, author of 'Get More Money on Your Next Job . . . In Any Economy.' 'They don't want cheap.'

Your best bet is to wait until you're extended a job offer before talking pay. 'In a recession, employers are going to be very price sensitive,' says Mr. Miller. 'The salary you ask for may impact their decision to move forward.' Come prepared having researched the average pay range for a position in case you're pressured to name your price, he adds. You might say, for example, that money isn't a primary concern for you and that you're just looking for something fair, suggests Mr. Miller. You can try turning the tables by asking interviewers what the company has budgeted for the position.

In some cases, you may be looking just for a job to get you through so you might consider a less-than-perfect fit. But if you aren't really excited about an opportunity, keep it to yourself, warns David Gaspin, director of human resources at 5W Public Relations in New York. 'I've had times where people come in and it's clear that if they really had their preference, they'd be doing something different,' he says. 'You don't want to put that out on the table. Nobody wants to hire someone who's going to run for the door when times get better.'

After an interview, take caution with your follow-up. If you're in the running for multiple jobs at once, make sure to address thank-yous to the right people, career experts advise. Also look closely for spelling and grammatical errors. In a competitive job market, employers have the luxury of choice, and even a minor faux pas can hurt your chances.

If all has gone well, don't stalk the interviewer. Wait at least a week before checking on your candidacy, adds Jose Tamez, managing partner at Austin-Michael LP, an executive-search firm in Golden, Colo. Call recruiters only at their office, even if their business card lists a home or cell number. Leave a message if you get voicemail. These days, recruiters typically have caller ID and can tell if you've tried reaching them multiple times without leaving a voicemail. 'There's a fine line between enthusiasm and overenthusiasm,' he says.

最近幾周
，包裝公司Consolidated Container Co.的de招zhao聘pin官guan注zhu意yi到dao一yi個ge現xian象xiang，某mou些xie應ying聘pin者zhe提ti早zao一yi個ge小xiao時shi就jiu來lai到dao麵mian試shi現xian場chang，還hai有you一yi些xie應ying聘pin者zhe在zai麵mian試shi時shi暗an示shi自zi己ji經jing濟ji上shang遇yu到dao麻ma煩fan，一yi位wei應ying聘pin者zhe甚shen至zhi將jiang過guo去qu做zuo過guo的de項xiang目mu編bian印yin成cheng冊ce進jin行xing分fen發fa。

其實上述舉動並不是麵試成功的上策。

在(zai)如(ru)今(jin)競(jing)爭(zheng)異(yi)常(chang)激(ji)烈(lie)的(de)就(jiu)業(ye)市(shi)場(chang)上(shang)，獲(huo)得(de)麵(mian)試(shi)機(ji)會(hui)本(ben)身(shen)就(jiu)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)成(cheng)就(jiu)。但(dan)是(shi)不(bu)少(shao)招(zhao)聘(pin)官(guan)和(he)人(ren)事(shi)經(jing)理(li)反(fan)映(ying)，很(hen)多(duo)失(shi)業(ye)的(de)應(ying)聘(pin)者(zhe)對(dui)於(yu)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)處(chu)境(jing)所(suo)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)的(de)絕(jue)望(wang)或(huo)痛(tong)苦(ku)毀(hui)掉(diao)了(le)他(ta)們(men)的(de)機(ji)會(hui)。而(er)他(ta)們(men)常(chang)常(chang)意(yi)識(shi)不(bu)到(dao)這(zhe)一(yi)點(dian)。

亞特蘭大Consolidated Container公司招聘和人力資源管理經理朱麗•魯巴頓(Julie Loubaton)說：“應聘者比過去激進多了
，不過他們常常事與願違。”

ruguoxiangyizhengquedefangshizaimianshizhongzhanlutoujiao
，jiuyaobaxinlifudanhejiaolvqingxurengzaimenwai。ruguonishizhichangxinren，nameqingdengdaozhidingshijianqiandeshifenzhong
，zaichuxianzaimianshididian。lubadunshuo：“早到10分鍾以上，說明你不尊重人事經理為你留出的時間。”她補充道：“提前一個小時，會讓麵試方的員工感覺不舒服
，哪家公司都不希望有人在自己的門廳裏安營紮寨。”

紐約高管培訓公司Wenroth Consulting總裁溫迪•阿爾法斯•羅斯曼(Wendy Alfus Rothman)的建議是，用一個有力的握手來傳遞你的自信，將注意力放在麵試官身上。避免東張西望或用手指敲桌子等表現緊張的舉動。

luosimanqiangtiaodao，wulunxinqingruhe，mianshishiyidingyaobiaoxiandepengboxiangshang
，bagerendebuxingquanbuwangdiao。liru
，ruguonibeicaiyuan，yuqibeitanshiju，burugaosumianshiguan，caiyuandejinglijilinizhongxinpingjiazijidenengli，bingcushinishenqingzhefenxingongzuo。luosimanshuo：“在不可預知的挫折麵前，你要表現出越挫越勇的精神。”

紐約高管獵頭公司Columbus Advisors的創始人德博拉•馬庫斯(Deborah Markus)補充道：“與此同時，還要解釋你的背景和履曆為什麼符合對方當前的需求，以此說明你已針對招聘單位做了功課。”對dui於yu跨kua行xing業ye的de應ying聘pin者zhe來lai說shuo
，這zhe一yi點dian尤you其qi重zhong要yao。為wei了le脫tuo潁ying而er出chu，應ying聘pin者zhe不bu僅jin要yao了le解jie對dui方fang的de管guan理li模mo式shi和he核he心xin業ye務wu等deng基ji本ben信xin息xi
，還hai要yao進jin行xing更geng深shen入ru的de研yan究jiu，弄nong清qing近jin期qi的de市shi場chang變bian化hua如ru何he影ying響xiang招zhao聘pin方fang、其競爭對手和整個行業。這就要求應聘者查閱招聘方的最新新聞稿、財務年報、媒體報導和行業博客等
，並向社交圈裏值得信任的人士進行谘詢。馬庫斯說：“幾個月以前經營良好的公司，現在可能已經掙紮在生死線上。你應該掌握他們目前的經營策略。”

PDI公司人力資源高級副總裁凱西•馬斯科(Kathy Marsico)dejianyishi，yidingyaoxianshichuzijishisuoyingzhengzhiweidezuijiarenxuan
，xiangduifangtigongnengzhengmingguoquchengjiudeanli，bujinyaozhichuniguoqudezhize，haiyaoshuomingzhexiezhizeyuyingpindegangweiyoushenmeguanxi：“你必須用全新的方式讓自己脫潁而出，一方麵要根據對方的需求塑造自己，另一方麵還要讓自己表現得令人過目不忘。”總部位於新澤西州薩德河地區的PDI公司向製藥企業提供銷售和營銷服務。

高管獵頭公司Martin Partners合夥人莎莉•R•布利克曼(Sherry R. Brickman)表示


，最近一位應聘者就用上麵提到的方法給她留下深刻的印象：“他了解招聘方的產品線，以及所在的市場。”這位應聘者麵試的是一家中型工業製造企業的高層管理職位。“他結合自己在目前職位的工作
，明確而有效地解釋出他將如何幫助對方削減成本、增加銷量和擴大市場。”這位應聘者最終被錄用了。

但dan是shi切qie記ji
，即ji使shi你ni想xiang讓rang自zi己ji獨du樹shu一yi幟zhi，也ye不bu要yao過guo猶you不bu及ji。比bi如ru
，提ti出chu為wei對dui方fang免mian費fei或huo者zhe低di薪xin工gong作zuo一yi段duan時shi間jian

，也ye許xu聽ting上shang去qu很hen誘you人ren，但dan是shi專zhuan家jia們men指zhi出chu，這zhe種zhong魯lu莽mang的de舉ju動dong可ke能neng適shi得de其qi反fan。

《如何跳槽到高薪的職位》(Get More Money on Your Next Job . . . In Any Economy.)一書的作者李•米勒(Lee Miller)說
，“雇主們想要獲得價值，而不是便宜貨。”

最保險的做法是拿到錄用通知之後再談薪水。米勒說：“經濟衰退時，雇主對錢非常敏感
，你的目標薪酬可能影響他們作出進一步決定的決心。” milebuchongdao
，mianshiqian
，nikeyisousuoxiangguanzhiweidepingjunxinchoufanwei
，yifangwanyibeipohuidaxinchouwenti。milehaijianyidao
，nikeyishuo，qianbushinizhuyaokaolvdewenti，nizhixianghuodeyifengongpingdebaochou。nihaikeyibawentipaohuiqu
，wenduifangdaodiliuleduoshaoyusuangeizhegezhiwei。

有you時shi候hou
，你ni隻zhi不bu過guo想xiang找zhao份fen工gong作zuo作zuo為wei權quan宜yi之zhi計ji
，而er沒mei有you追zhui求qiu最zui完wan美mei的de職zhi位wei。即ji使shi你ni對dui麵mian前qian的de機ji會hui並bing不bu那na麼me感gan興xing趣qu，也ye要yao把ba這zhe種zhong想xiang法fa埋mai在zai心xin底di。這zhe是shi紐niu約yue公gong關guan公gong司si5W公司人力資源主管大衛•加斯賓(David Gaspin)的警告。“woyudaoguozhezhongqingkuang
，yixierenyijinlai，wocongtamendebiaoxianzhongjiunengkanchu
，tamenduizhefengongzuobingbuzhenzhengganxingqu。yingpinzhebuyinggaibazhezhongxinlibiaoxianchulai
，yinweishuiyebuxiangguyongyigezhiyaojingjixingshihaozhuan
，jiulikezhuanshenzourendeyuangong。”

mianshizhihoudegenjinyehenzhongyao。zhiyezhuanjiadejianyishi，ruguonitongshimianshijigezhiwei，jideyaoduiqiadangderenbiaodaganxie。pinxieheyufacuowuyeyaoyangebimian。zaijingzhengjiliedejiuyeshichangshang，guzhumenyongyouzhongduoxuanze

，weixiaodeshiliyekenenghuidiaonidejihui。

如果一切進展順利，也不要對麵試官追得太緊。科羅拉多州高管獵頭公司Austin-Michael公司執行合夥人約斯•塔姆斯(Jose Tamez)忠(zhong)告(gao)應(ying)聘(pin)者(zhe)，至(zhi)少(shao)在(zai)一(yi)周(zhou)後(hou)再(zai)查(zha)詢(xun)麵(mian)試(shi)結(jie)果(guo)。另(ling)外(wai)，即(ji)使(shi)麵(mian)試(shi)官(guan)的(de)名(ming)片(pian)上(shang)有(you)手(shou)機(ji)號(hao)或(huo)家(jia)庭(ting)電(dian)話(hua)

，你(ni)也(ye)隻(zhi)能(neng)打(da)辦(ban)公(gong)室(shi)電(dian)話(hua)。如(ru)果(guo)是(shi)語(yu)音(yin)信(xin)箱(xiang)，就(jiu)留(liu)個(ge)口(kou)信(xin)。如(ru)今(jin)

，招(zhao)聘(pin)官(guan)們(men)電(dian)話(hua)大(da)多(duo)有(you)來(lai)電(dian)顯(xian)示(shi)，他(ta)們(men)知(zhi)道(dao)誰(shui)打(da)了(le)很(hen)多(duo)電(dian)話(hua)卻(que)不(bu)留(liu)口(kou)信(xin)。塔(ta)姆(mu)斯(si)說(shuo)：“要把握好熱情和過度熱情之間的界線。”