栗瘤蜂,也叫栗癭蜂,是一種繁殖能力強,體長2~3haomi,nenggougucishengzhidexiaofeng。liliufengdechanluandianzhuyaoshizailishudeyinianshengzhidingbuyaneihuoyeshang。liliufengdeyouchongjishengyufuzhezaixinshaoshangdeyingliunei,zaimeigeyingliunei,zangzhe1~13頭幼蟲,多為2~5頭。栗瘤蜂專門危害栗樹的嫩梢、葉片和結果枝,在枝條、葉(ye)柄(bing)和(he)葉(ye)脈(mai)上(shang)形(xing)成(cheng)栗(li)瘤(liu),使(shi)栗(li)樹(shu)不(bu)但(dan)當(dang)年(nian)不(bu)能(neng)結(jie)果(guo),而(er)且(qie)也(ye)影(ying)響(xiang)下(xia)年(nian)的(de)結(jie)果(guo),可(ke)使(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)枝(zhi)條(tiao)幹(gan)枯(ku)死(si)亡(wang),甚(shen)至(zhi)絕(jue)產(chan)。因(yin)此(ci),果(guo)農(nong)稱(cheng)栗(li)瘤(liu)蜂(feng)是(shi)長(chang)在(zai)栗(li)樹(shu)上(shang)的(de)“癌症”。
栗瘤蜂大發生年份,栗樹受害最為嚴重,有的1株樹有萬餘個栗瘤。但栗瘤蜂在某些年份危害又不那麼嚴重,原因是栗瘤蜂幼蟲寄生的栗樹癭瘤內,有一種體長4毫米,淡黃白色,瘦小,兩端尖,蟲體向腹內側卷曲,並有黃褐色稀疏細毛,性格活潑的小肉蟲,這就是栗瘤蜂的專食性天敵———長(chang)尾(wei)小(xiao)蜂(feng)的(de)幼(you)蟲(chong)。長(chang)尾(wei)小(xiao)蜂(feng)成(cheng)蟲(chong)交(jiao)尾(wei)後(hou),尋(xun)找(zhao)有(you)栗(li)瘤(liu)蜂(feng)幼(you)蟲(chong)的(de)嫩(nen)瘤(liu),然(ran)後(hou)把(ba)產(chan)卵(luan)器(qi)插(cha)入(ru)瘤(liu)內(nei),卵(luan)產(chan)在(zai)栗(li)瘤(liu)蜂(feng)蟲(chong)室(shi)的(de)室(shi)壁(bi)上(shang),一(yi)兩(liang)天(tian)後(hou)幼(you)蟲(chong)轉(zhuan)到(dao)栗(li)瘤(liu)蜂(feng)幼(you)蟲(chong)蟲(chong)體(ti)上(shang),咬(yao)破(po)栗(li)瘤(liu)蜂(feng)幼(you)蟲(chong)的(de)體(ti)壁(bi),以(yi)吸(xi)食(shi)其(qi)體(ti)液(ye)為(wei)生(sheng),一(yi)般(ban)一(yi)個(ge)長(chang)尾(wei)小(xiao)蜂(feng)幼(you)蟲(chong),僅(jin)寄(ji)生(sheng)一(yi)個(ge)栗(li)瘤(liu)蜂(feng)幼(you)蟲(chong)。所(suo)以(yi),凡(fan)是(shi)長(chang)尾(wei)小(xiao)蜂(feng)寄(ji)生(sheng)率(lv)高(gao)的(de)地(di)方(fang),栗(li)瘤(liu)蜂(feng)幼(you)蟲(chong)的(de)危(wei)害(hai)率(lv)就(jiu)下(xia)降(jiang)。
youyuchangweixiaofengdeyouchongchangqijijuzaililiufengdeyingliunei,bingyouhenchangyiduanshijianyuliliufengdeyouchongtongju,suoyirenmenwangwangbachangweixiaofengdeyouchongcuorenweishililiufengdeyouchong。zheyang,zaidongjixiujianshibaliuzhichudiao,zheshibukexuede。bixubaohuheliyonghaochangweixiaofeng,zaiqijishenglvgaodebanlichanqu,bameiniandongjijianxiadegankuliutuoshanbaoguan,yu4~5yuebatatoufangzailiyuan,shiqiyuhuahouzaicichanluanyuyingliunei,cishikongzhipenyao,yifangshashangchangweixiaofeng,ranhouzaibaganyingliushaodiao,kejianqingliliufengdeweihai,changweixiaofengyibanziranjishenglvkeda40%。栗(li)瘤(liu)蜂(feng)成(cheng)蟲(chong)喜(xi)歡(huan)在(zai)樹(shu)冠(guan)內(nei)膛(tang)無(wu)風(feng)鬱(yu)閉(bi)的(de)細(xi)弱(ruo)枝(zhi)的(de)芽(ya)上(shang)產(chan)卵(luan)危(wei)害(hai)。因(yin)此(ci),在(zai)修(xiu)剪(jian)時(shi)要(yao)徹(che)底(di)疏(shu)除(chu)細(xi)弱(ruo)枝(zhi),可(ke)有(you)效(xiao)地(di)消(xiao)滅(mie)芽(ya)內(nei)越(yue)冬(dong)幼(you)蟲(chong)。夏(xia)季(ji)剪(jian)除(chu)嫩(nen)綠(lv)癭(ying)瘤(liu),並(bing)將(jiang)之(zhi)燒(shao)毀(hui)和(he)深(shen)埋(mai)。用(yong)除(chu)蟲(chong)藥(yao)時(shi),應(ying)避(bi)開(kai)長(chang)尾(wei)小(xiao)蜂(feng)成(cheng)蟲(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)期(qi)和(he)產(chan)卵(luan)期(qi)。
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