一般情況下,一隻發育良好、孕期正常的母貉的產仔數量為8~12隻。如果生產順利,輔助方式正確,“掉頭”的幾率很低。但由於特種養殖對幼崽成活的製約性因素較多,至少有10%左右的幼貉會因各種原因死亡,時間絕大多數集中在產後10天內。主要有以下幾種原因。
一yi是shi母mu貉he沒mei奶nai水shui。這zhe種zhong情qing況kuang所suo占zhan比bi例li較jiao高gao。母mu貉he分fen娩mian後hou,由you於yu沒mei有you足zu夠gou的de奶nai水shui供gong養yang幼you貉he,導dao致zhi部bu分fen幼you貉he因yin營ying養yang不bu足zu而er死si。母mu貉he奶nai水shui不bu足zu,先xian天tian性xing因yin素su形xing成cheng的de居ju多duo,當dang發fa現xian這zhe類lei狀zhuang況kuang後hou,應ying馬ma上shang投tou喂wei催cui奶nai藥yao物wu,緩huan解jie此ci種zhong現xian象xiang。
ershichanhouyanzhengsuozhi。yougebiemuhezaishengchanhouhuihuanshangzigongyandengjibing,zheshidemuheyinjihuandezhemohuiduiyouzaidemishixingweijiqifangan,wangwanghuiqianfangbaijididuobiyouzaidexishun,zaochengyouxieyouzaiyouyujieersiwang。youjingyandeyangzhihuzaimuhefenmianwanbihuijishiweishiyufangchanhouyanzhengdeyaowu,xiaoguojiaohao。
sanshimuheshoudaojingxia。zaichuqiburushi,yinwaijieyingjishimuheshoudaojingxia,qingxubodong,biaoxianweikuangzaobuanzhongdiaoqiyouzaisichuzangfanghuoshuaida,zhishiyixieyouhesiwang。zaifaxianmuhediaoqiyouzaishi,yangzhihuyingjiangwosheyanmifengbiqilai,baochiwosheanjing,muhetingbudaowaimiandedongjingjiuhuifangxiayouhe,huifuchangtai。
四是母貉育兒技巧欠缺。有個別母貉生育後,在日常抱摟幼崽時不能把“子女”完wan全quan擁yong入ru懷huai中zhong,總zong會hui有you一yi兩liang隻zhi幼you崽zai被bei排pai斥chi在zai外wai,由you於yu產chan房fang中zhong特te別bie潮chao濕shi,幼you崽zai抵di抗kang力li極ji低di,如ru果guo兩liang天tian內nei無wu法fa得de到dao母mu愛ai或huo溫wen暖nuan,幼you貉he會hui因yin受shou潮chao著zhe涼liang而er死si。
五(wu)是(shi)幼(you)貉(he)吃(chi)奶(nai)困(kun)難(nan)。有(you)個(ge)別(bie)幼(you)崽(zai)因(yin)體(ti)質(zhi)太(tai)弱(ruo)搶(qiang)不(bu)到(dao)奶(nai)頭(tou),如(ru)果(guo)連(lian)續(xu)三(san)天(tian)吃(chi)不(bu)上(shang)奶(nai)就(jiu)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)死(si)亡(wang)。有(you)的(de)則(ze)因(yin)母(mu)貉(he)的(de)奶(nai)頭(tou)少(shao)而(er)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)幼(you)崽(zai)多(duo),長(chang)期(qi)吃(chi)不(bu)到(dao)奶(nai)水(shui)的(de)幼(you)貉(he)也(ye)會(hui)因(yin)饑(ji)餓(e)而(er)死(si)。避(bi)免(mian)這(zhe)類(lei)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)有(you)效(xiao)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)在(zai)輔(fu)助(zhu)生(sheng)產(chan)時(shi),若(ruo)發(fa)現(xian)母(mu)貉(he)產(chan)仔(zai)過(guo)多(duo),應(ying)立(li)即(ji)拿(na)出(chu)部(bu)分(fen)幼(you)崽(zai),為(wei)其(qi)另(ling)找(zhao)“奶媽”或人工喂養。
liushiyouzaidehongzhaobing。chushenghoudeyouzaiyinhongzhaobingbunengpaxing,gengbunengjishiyouxiaodixishidaomuhedenaishui。zheyangdeyouzaiyibanhuituolimuheheqitayouzaidetuandui,danduquansuozaiwoshedejiaoluolihuodaqunyiwai,ruyangzhihufaxianbujishi,jiuzhibianhuisiwang。tangruoyunqijingchangweishimuheweishengsuC(水劑),這類病貉即可杜絕。如發現有這樣的病貉,應每天兩遍為病幼貉的爪子塗抹維生素C(水劑),五日內可痊愈。
ruguofaxianwosheneiyousiwangdeyouhe,qianwanbuyaoshanziquchu,yaogenjushijiqingkuang,fenbiechuzhi。dangkandaomuhezaidiaohanyouheqiequerenyouhesiwanghou,yingjiangmuheyinyouzhiwoshedeqianwei,zaishipanzhongfangruyizhiyidakaidejidan,zaitafangxiayouheshi,jishiyongtiegouquchu。dangfaxianchanfangneiyousiwangyouheshi,bixudengdaogeimuheweishi,zaiqilikaichanfangdaoqianwo“用餐”時,抓住機會,迅速將死貉取出。嚴禁母貉與幼貉在一起時強行取出已死亡的幼貉,以免激怒母貉,導致“炸窩”,輕者母貉放棄哺乳,重者可能咬死其他幼貉。
幼you貉he在zai哺bu乳ru期qi內nei的de免mian疫yi功gong能neng很hen強qiang,即ji便bian有you少shao數shu幼you貉he死si亡wang,一yi般ban也ye不bu是shi流liu行xing性xing疾ji病bing,不bu會hui形xing成cheng傳chuan染ran性xing疾ji患huan,沒mei有you大da麵mian積ji死si亡wang的de可ke能neng性xing,養yang殖zhi戶hu可ke放fang心xin處chu置zhi死si亡wang的de幼you貉he。
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