每年的春季和秋季都是雞舍或者雞群通風管理的過渡性季節,很多地方白天的氣溫可能高達27-28度或者更高,然而到了夜晚溫度經常會下降到10度以下,這種15-20度(du)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)波(bo)動(dong)常(chang)常(chang)使(shi)家(jia)禽(qin)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)感(gan)到(dao)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)季(ji)節(jie)條(tiao)件(jian)要(yao)想(xiang)管(guan)理(li)好(hao)雞(ji)舍(she)通(tong)風(feng)確(que)實(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)棘(ji)手(shou)。而(er)且(qie),這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)差(cha)變(bian)化(hua)也(ye)會(hui)在(zai)其(qi)它(ta)季(ji)節(jie)經(jing)常(chang)出(chu)現(xian),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)在(zai)南(nan)方(fang)某(mou)些(xie)地(di)區(qu)冬(dong)季(ji)也(ye)經(jing)常(chang)出(chu)現(xian)這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)。
管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)季(ji)節(jie)的(de)變(bian)化(hua)調(tiao)整(zheng)通(tong)風(feng)方(fang)法(fa),使(shi)其(qi)平(ping)穩(wen)過(guo)渡(du)。由(you)於(yu)外(wai)界(jie)溫(wen)度(du)對(dui)雞(ji)舍(she)內(nei)部(bu)及(ji)通(tong)風(feng)的(de)管(guan)理(li)影(ying)響(xiang)很(hen)大(da),所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)氣(qi)候(hou)多(duo)變(bian)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),為(wei)了(le)使(shi)雞(ji)舍(she)內(nei)溫(wen)度(du)保(bao)持(chi)穩(wen)定(ding),使(shi)雞(ji)群(qun)處(chu)於(yu)最(zui)佳(jia)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)環(huan)境(jing),現(xian)場(chang)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)對(dui)通(tong)風(feng)必(bi)須(xu)保(bao)持(chi)高(gao)度(du)關(guan)注(zhu)。有(you)時(shi)在(zai)一(yi)天(tian)中(zhong)經(jing)常(chang)需(xu)要(yao)把(ba)適(shi)用(yong)於(yu)白(bai)天(tian)高(gao)溫(wen)的(de)通(tong)風(feng)方(fang)式(shi)轉(zhuan)變(bian)成(cheng)晚(wan)上(shang)適(shi)用(yong)於(yu)低(di)溫(wen)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)的(de)通(tong)風(feng)程(cheng)序(xu),然(ran)後(hou)第(di)二(er)天(tian)早(zao)上(shang)又(you)要(yao)變(bian)回(hui)來(lai),如(ru)此(ci)往(wang)複(fu)循(xun)環(huan)。所(suo)以(yi),對(dui)於(yu)現(xian)場(chang)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)來(lai)說(shuo),認(ren)識(shi)與(yu)掌(zhang)握(wo)這(zhe)種(zhong)轉(zhuan)變(bian)的(de)最(zui)佳(jia)時(shi)間(jian)以(yi)及(ji)使(shi)其(qi)平(ping)穩(wen)過(guo)渡(du)是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)。
通風的目標是保持雞舍溫度處於合理範圍內,充分發揮雞群的生產性能。下例圖表說明了商品肉雞獲得最佳生產性能(料肉比和體重)對(dui)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。從(cong)下(xia)圖(tu)可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出(chu),雞(ji)群(qun)日(ri)齡(ling)越(yue)小(xiao),溫(wen)度(du)越(yue)重(zhong)要(yao),但(dan)是(shi)雞(ji)群(qun)的(de)通(tong)風(feng)量(liang)應(ying)隨(sui)著(zhe)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)周(zhou)期(qi)性(xing)變(bian)化(hua)而(er)變(bian)化(hua),以(yi)滿(man)足(zu)雞(ji)群(qun)的(de)實(shi)際(ji)需(xu)要(yao)。

當(dang)然(ran),在(zai)有(you)風(feng)速(su)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),雞(ji)隻(zhi)的(de)感(gan)覺(jiao)溫(wen)度(du)是(shi)有(you)變(bian)化(hua)的(de)。縱(zong)向(xiang)通(tong)風(feng)適(shi)用(yong)於(yu)夏(xia)天(tian)高(gao)溫(wen)季(ji)節(jie),它(ta)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)風(feng)冷(leng)效(xiao)應(ying)能(neng)使(shi)雞(ji)隻(zhi)的(de)感(gan)覺(jiao)溫(wen)度(du)比(bi)實(shi)際(ji)溫(wen)度(du)下(xia)降(jiang)6-8度,如下圖。在氣候多變的季節,當白天溫度達到27-28C或以上時雞群通常需要進行縱向通風來降溫,但是隨著下午或晚上外界溫度下降到21度(du)或(huo)者(zhe)更(geng)低(di)時(shi),繼(ji)續(xu)采(cai)用(yong)縱(zong)向(xiang)通(tong)風(feng)會(hui)對(dui)雞(ji)群(qun)造(zao)成(cheng)不(bu)良(liang)影(ying)響(xiang)。炎(yan)熱(re)季(ji)節(jie)縱(zong)向(xiang)通(tong)風(feng)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)風(feng)冷(leng)效(xiao)應(ying)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(de),但(dan)是(shi)在(zai)外(wai)界(jie)溫(wen)度(du)比(bi)較(jiao)低(di)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)因(yin)繼(ji)續(xu)采(cai)用(yong)縱(zong)向(xiang)通(tong)風(feng)而(er)嚴(yan)重(zhong)損(sun)害(hai)雞(ji)群(qun)生(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)也(ye)是(shi)必(bi)須(xu)要(yao)避(bi)免(mian)的(de)。

在(zai)某(mou)些(xie)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),我(wo)們(men)既(ji)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)通(tong)風(feng)排(pai)出(chu)雞(ji)舍(she)內(nei)多(duo)餘(yu)的(de)熱(re)量(liang),又(you)不(bu)能(neng)使(shi)冷(leng)空(kong)氣(qi)直(zhi)接(jie)吹(chui)在(zai)雞(ji)隻(zhi)身(shen)上(shang)而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)冷(leng)應(ying)激(ji),這(zhe)樣(yang)對(dui)通(tong)風(feng)的(de)管(guan)理(li)要(yao)求(qiu)更(geng)高(gao)。一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)雞(ji)群(qun)本(ben)身(shen)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)生(sheng)長(chang)階(jie)段(duan)以(yi)及(ji)氣(qi)候(hou)多(duo)變(bian)時(shi)容(rong)易(yi)出(chu)現(xian)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang),比(bi)如(ru)雞(ji)群(qun)從(cong)育(yu)雛(chu)階(jie)段(duan)轉(zhuan)到(dao)下(xia)一(yi)生(sheng)長(chang)階(jie)段(duan)時(shi)保(bao)溫(wen)和(he)通(tong)風(feng)處(chu)理(li)不(bu)當(dang)這(zhe)就(jiu)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)上(shang)述(shu)影(ying)響(xiang)。
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這種相對較新的通風方法就是所謂的“過渡期通風”,如ru下xia圖tu,其qi優you點dian是shi能neng在zai溫wen度du上shang下xia波bo動dong比bi較jiao大da或huo內nei部bu環huan境jing變bian化hua較jiao大da的de情qing況kuang下xia進jin行xing良liang好hao的de通tong風feng。進jin行xing這zhe樣yang的de通tong風feng時shi,我wo們men可ke以yi關guan閉bi雞ji舍she前qian端duan為wei縱zong向xiang通tong風feng而er設she計ji的de進jin風feng口kou,開kai啟qi一yi半ban或huo較jiao少shao的de風feng機ji讓rang新xin鮮xian空kong氣qi從cong雞ji舍she側ce牆qiang上shang方fang的de進jin風feng口kou進jin入ru。這zhe樣yang做zuo的de好hao處chu是shi既ji能neng進jin行xing有you效xiao的de通tong風feng又you能neng改gai善shan雞ji舍she內nei空kong氣qi均jun勻yun混hun合he,而er且qie避bi免mian雞ji群qun受shou到dao冷leng應ying激ji。

從冬季經常采用的最小通風管理模式到“過渡期通風”管(guan)理(li)方(fang)式(shi)的(de)這(zhe)種(zhong)轉(zhuan)變(bian),可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)恒(heng)溫(wen)控(kong)製(zhi)器(qi)結(jie)合(he)定(ding)時(shi)鍾(zhong)來(lai)控(kong)製(zhi)運(yun)行(xing),此(ci)時(shi)風(feng)機(ji)應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)需(xu)要(yao)隨(sui)時(shi)進(jin)入(ru)啟(qi)用(yong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。為(wei)了(le)使(shi)雞(ji)舍(she)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)能(neng)得(de)到(dao)有(you)效(xiao)控(kong)製(zhi),雞(ji)舍(she)側(ce)牆(qiang)上(shang)方(fang)進(jin)風(feng)口(kou)狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)控(kong)製(zhi)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao),進(jin)風(feng)口(kou)開(kai)啟(qi)大(da)小(xiao)、方向及數量應根據風機開啟數量的變化而變化,為了能達到最有效的控製,最好采用自動控製係統。
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“過渡期通風”填tian補bu了le冬dong季ji最zui小xiao通tong風feng和he夏xia季ji縱zong向xiang通tong風feng之zhi間jian所suo存cun在zai的de缺que陷xian,有you效xiao地di解jie決jue了le過guo渡du季ji節jie既ji要yao對dui雞ji舍she進jin行xing通tong風feng降jiang溫wen又you要yao避bi免mian雞ji群qun受shou冷leng應ying激ji的de矛mao盾dun。
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