雞(ji)舍(she)的(de)通(tong)風(feng)分(fen)機(ji)械(xie)通(tong)風(feng)和(he)自(zi)然(ran)通(tong)風(feng)二(er)種(zhong)。在(zai)設(she)計(ji)通(tong)風(feng)係(xi)統(tong)時(shi),不(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)肉(rou)雞(ji)的(de)飼(si)養(yang)密(mi)度(du)和(he)當(dang)地(di)最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen),而(er)且(qie)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)通(tong)風(feng)均(jun)勻(yun),應(ying)參(can)考(kao)每(mei)隻(zhi)雞(ji)的(de)換(huan)氣(qi)標(biao)準(zhun)量(liang)與(yu)飼(si)養(yang)隻(zhi)數(shu),計(ji)算(suan)出(chu)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)換(huan)氣(qi)量(liang),然(ran)後(hou)根(gen)據(ju)待(dai)安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)風(feng)機(ji)性(xing)能(neng)算(suan)出(chu)應(ying)配(pei)備(bei)的(de)風(feng)機(ji)台(tai)數(shu)。
自然通風則使用窗口,在自然風力和溫差的作用下進行,窗口總麵積(在華北地區)一般為建築麵積的1/3左zuo右you。為wei了le雞ji舍she內nei通tong風feng均jun勻yun,窗chuang口kou應ying對dui稱cheng且qie均jun勻yun分fen布bu。為wei了le調tiao節jie通tong風feng量liang,還hai可ke把ba窗chuang子zi做zuo成cheng上shang下xia兩liang排pai,根gen據ju通tong風feng量liang要yao求qiu開kai關guan部bu分fen窗chuang戶hu,既ji可ke利li用yong自zi然ran風feng力li,又you利li用yong溫wen差cha的de通tong風feng作zuo用yong。而er在zai冬dong季ji,為wei了le不bu讓rang冷leng風feng直zhi接jie吹chui到dao雞ji,還hai可ke安an裝zhuang擋dang風feng板ban,使shi風feng速su減jian低di後hou均jun勻yun進jin入ru雞ji舍she。比bi較jiao理li想xiang的de窗chuang戶hu結jie構gou分fen為wei三san層ceng裝zhuang置zhi,內nei層ceng為wei鐵tie絲si網wang,有you利li於yu防fang止zhi野ye鳥niao類lei入ru舍she和he防fang止zhi獸shou害hai等deng,中zhong間jian是shi玻bo璃li窗chuang框kuang架jia,外wai層ceng是shi塑su料liao薄bo膜mo主zhu要yao用yong於yu冬dong季ji保bao溫wen。
機械通風是密閉式雞舍、肉雞高密度、大群飼養條件下調節舍內環境狀況的主要方法,通風與控溫、控濕、chuchenjitiaojiekongqichengfenmiqiexiangguan。dangdairoujimibishijishedejixietongfengfangshizhuyaobaokuoliangzhong,jihengxiangshitongfenghezongxiangshitongfeng,zheliangzhongtongfengfangshigeyoulibi,zaijisheshejizhongkegenjujutishijixuanyongshiyidefangshi。
1.橫向式通風。當雞舍長度較短跨度不超過10米mi時shi,多duo采cai用yong橫heng向xiang式shi通tong風feng。橫heng向xiang式shi通tong風feng主zhu要yao有you正zheng壓ya係xi統tong和he負fu壓ya係xi統tong兩liang種zhong設she計ji。所suo謂wei正zheng壓ya通tong風feng係xi統tong是shi靠kao風feng機ji將jiang外wai界jie新xin鮮xian空kong氣qi吸xi入ru舍she內nei,使shi舍she內nei空kong氣qi因yin氣qi壓ya增zeng大da又you自zi行xing由you排pai氣qi口kou排pai出chu舍she外wai的de氣qi體ti交jiao換huan方fang式shi,該gai係xi統tong雖sui然ran可ke調tiao節jie舍she內nei溫wen度du,改gai善shan舍she內nei空kong氣qi分fen布bu狀zhuang況kuang,減jian少shao舍she內nei賊zei風feng等deng,但dan因yin其qi具ju有you設she備bei成cheng本ben高gao,費fei用yong大da,安an裝zhuang難nan度du大da,適shi用yong範fan圍wei較jiao窄zhai等deng缺que點dian,故gu在zai生sheng產chan實shi踐jian中zhong,使shi用yong較jiao少shao。
應ying用yong比bi較jiao普pu遍bian的de是shi負fu壓ya通tong風feng係xi統tong,模mo向xiang式shi負fu壓ya通tong風feng係xi統tong設she計ji安an裝zhuang方fang式shi較jiao多duo,較jiao廣guang為wei采cai用yong的de主zhu要yao是shi穿chuan透tou式shi通tong風feng。穿chuan透tou式shi通tong風feng是shi指zhi將jiang風feng機ji安an裝zhuang在zai側ce牆qiang上shang,在zai風feng機ji對dui側ce牆qiang壁bi的de對dui應ying部bu位wei設she進jin風feng口kou,新xin鮮xian空kong氣qi從cong進jin風feng口kou流liu入ru後hou,穿chuan過guo雞ji舍she的de橫heng徑jing,排pai出chu舍she外wai。此ci通tong風feng設she計ji要yao求qiu排pai風feng量liang稍shao大da於yu進jin氣qi量liang,使shi舍she內nei氣qi壓ya稍shao低di於yu舍she外wai氣qi壓ya,有you利li於yu舍she外wai新xin鮮xian空kong氣qi在zai該gai負fu壓ya影ying響xiang下xia,自zi動dong流liu進jin雞ji舍she。一yi般ban的de空kong氣qi流liu速su夏xia季ji為wei0.5米/秒,冬季為0.1~0.2米/秒,此可用球式風速計測定。測定了空氣流速及通風麵積後,便可計算出通風量。通風量(立方米/小時)=3600×通風麵積(平方米)×空氣流速(米/秒)。
2.縱向式通風。當雞舍長度達80米以上,跨度在10miyishangshi,zeyingcaiyongzongxiangshitongfeng,zheyang,jiyouhualejishetongfengshejidehelixing,jiangdileanzhuangchengben,yekehuodejiaolixiangdetongfengxiaoguo。zongxiangshitongfengshizhijiangfengjianzhuangzairoujishedeyiceshanqiangshang,zaifengjideduimianshanqianghuoduimianshanqiangdeliangceqiangbishangshelijinfengkou,shixinxiankongqizaifuyazuoyongxia,chuanjinjishedezongjingpaichushewai。paifengshanchang1.25~1.40米,排風機的扇麵應與牆麵成100度角,可增加10%的通風效率,空氣流速為2.0~2.2米/秒,每台風機的間距以2.5~3.0米mi為wei宜yi。在zai夏xia季ji高gao溫wen時shi節jie,為wei使shi雞ji舍she有you效xiao降jiang溫wen,通tong常chang需xu在zai進jin風feng口kou安an裝zhuang濕shi簾lian,即ji濕shi簾lian降jiang溫wen。有you關guan通tong風feng量liang的de計ji算suan請qing參can見jian橫heng向xiang式shi通tong風feng係xi統tong。因yin雞ji舍she縱zong向xiang式shi通tong風feng係xi統tong具ju有you設she計ji安an裝zhuang簡jian單dan、成本較低、通風和降溫效果良好等優點,在當代養雞生產上已廣為采用。
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