目前,全國各地飼養褐殼蛋雞的數量較多。一些飼養該類雞種的雞場反映,雞群有時發生雞蛋殼色變白、變淺或出現色素斑塊,並伴有蛋殼質量不良的問題。下麵簡要分析和總結一下蛋殼顏色變淺原因。
1.種質因素 白bai殼ke蛋dan雞ji與yu褐he殼ke蛋dan雞ji雜za交jiao,其qi後hou代dai雞ji則ze表biao現xian為wei兩liang者zhe的de中zhong間jian殼ke色se。若ruo用yong白bai來lai航hang公gong雞ji與yu有you色se羽yu母mu雞ji雜za交jiao,蛋dan殼ke顏yan色se較jiao淺qian,反fan交jiao時shi則ze較jiao深shen。現xian代dai雞ji種zhong皆jie為wei品pin係xi間jian雜za交jiao而er成cheng。因yin各ge育yu種zhong公gong司si選xuan用yong育yu種zhong素su材cai的de差cha異yi,或huo種zhong雞ji場chang沒mei按an要yao求qiu的de係xi間jian雜za交jiao製zhi種zhong,結jie果guo出chu現xian一yi些xie蛋dan雞ji群qun蛋dan殼ke顏yan色se不bu一yi致zhi。
2.輸卵管病變 據ju調tiao查zha分fen析xi,絕jue大da多duo數shu褐he殼ke蛋dan殼ke色se變bian淺qian與yu雞ji群qun發fa生sheng疾ji病bing有you關guan。當dang病bing原yuan體ti侵qin襲xi雞ji體ti後hou,可ke直zhi接jie發fa生sheng或huo繼ji發fa引yin起qi不bu同tong程cheng度du生sheng殖zhi道dao病bing理li變bian化hua,輸shu卵luan管guan出chu現xian水shui腫zhong、充血或出血,嚴重時造成壞死,粘膜上皮脫落,使蛋殼腺體合成和分泌鈣及色素機能部分或完金喪失。危害最嚴重的疾病有雞新城疫、減蛋綜合症、傳支、雞白痢、禽流感等。因嚴重侵害生殖係統,除造成產蛋率銳減、蛋殼變薄、無殼蛋增多外,並伴有蛋殼褪色變淺、變白等較為典型的臨床症狀。已證明這類疾病都有生殖係統病變。
3.服用藥物 youbaodao,fuyongnikabaqinkangqiuchong,keganraohechengzhexiesesu,daozhizhengchangchanhekedanpinzhongjichanbaikedan。jichandanqiyufangzhiliaochangfabinghuohunheganranshitoufuyaowu,ruhuanganlei、喹乙醇、kangqiuchongyaohuoquchongyao,shiyongshijianhuoyongliangbudang,yeduidandexingchengyoubuliangyingxiang。lirukaichanqihegaofengqijinzhishiyongzuoxuanmizuoquchong,buyaochangqiweigeihuanganleiyaowu,yimianyizhitansuanganmeidehuoxingjizhengchangdankesesudexingcheng。
4.其它因素 據(ju)對(dui)某(mou)無(wu)病(bing)雞(ji)群(qun)所(suo)產(chan)蛋(dan)的(de)抽(chou)查(zha),也(ye)有(you)蛋(dan)殼(ke)色(se)變(bian)淺(qian)或(huo)帶(dai)有(you)褐(he)色(se)斑(ban)點(dian)的(de)蛋(dan)。有(you)的(de)資(zi)料(liao)介(jie)紹(shao),產(chan)蛋(dan)初(chu)期(qi)殼(ke)色(se)較(jiao)深(shen),產(chan)蛋(dan)後(hou)期(qi)變(bian)淺(qian),這(zhe)是(shi)否(fou)與(yu)生(sheng)殖(zhi)機(ji)能(neng)衰(shuai)退(tui)有(you)關(guan)還(hai)需(xu)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)證(zheng)實(shi)。一(yi)般(ban)來(lai)說(shuo),蛋(dan)殼(ke)色(se)素(su)形(xing)成(cheng)與(yu)某(mou)種(zhong)營(ying)養(yang)元(yuan)素(su)缺(que)乏(fa)無(wu)關(guan),但(dan)間(jian)接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)是(shi)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)。例(li)如(ru)VA缺que乏fa時shi能neng引yin起qi輸shu卵luan管guan正zheng常chang粘zhan膜mo上shang皮pi被bei分fen層ceng的de鱗lin狀zhuang角jiao質zhi化hua上shang皮pi所suo取qu代dai,從cong而er引yin起qi機ji能neng失shi常chang。有you學xue者zhe認ren為wei,輕qing微wei應ying激ji或huo短duan時shi間jian驚jing擾rao的de雞ji所suo產chan的de蛋dan外wai表biao覆fu蓋gai額e外wai的de鈣gai,並bing產chan生sheng不bu令ling人ren喜xi歡huan的de蛋dan殼ke顏yan色se。其qi他ta國guo外wai學xue者zhe也ye發fa現xian顏yan色se不bu正zheng常chang、畸ji形xing和he其qi它ta異yi常chang蛋dan的de發fa生sheng率lv明ming顯xian與yu蛋dan形xing成cheng期qi的de應ying激ji有you關guan,還hai證zheng實shi了le環huan境jing因yin素su對dui蛋dan殼ke結jie構gou和he蛋dan殼ke顏yan色se的de影ying響xiang。總zong之zhi,要yao達da到dao良liang好hao的de蛋dan殼ke色se,與yu母mu雞ji產chan蛋dan期qi飼si養yang管guan理li的de質zhi量liang有you密mi切qie關guan係xi。
5.小結:①凡雞種質量或雜交製種不當造成褐色蛋殼色深淺不一,不屬於病理現象。②疾ji病bing是shi影ying響xiang蛋dan殼ke顏yan色se的de主zhu要yao因yin素su,短duan期qi內nei蛋dan殼ke發fa生sheng明ming顯xian褪tui色se及ji蛋dan殼ke質zhi量liang下xia降jiang,可ke作zuo為wei雞ji群qun發fa病bing的de征zheng兆zhao和he診zhen斷duan有you生sheng殖zhi係xi統tong病bing變bian的de幾ji個ge主zhu要yao傳chuan染ran病bing的de臨lin床chuang症zheng狀zhuang。一yi旦dan發fa現xian應ying及ji時shi作zuo出chu診zhen斷duan,並bing采cai取qu相xiang應ying防fang治zhi措cuo施shi。③dankeyansedeshenqianyujidesiliangyingyangwuzhijieguanxi,yewuxutianjiamouxieyingyangwuzuoweigaishandankesezedezhuanyongtianjiaji。danketuisebunengzuoweipandingyingyangquefazhengdezhuyaoyiju,shifouxuyaotiaozhengrilianghuozengjiaweiliangyuansu、維生素用量,還要結合有關方麵檢查來決定。④提高飼養管理質量有助於改善蛋殼色澤。
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