雜(za)交(jiao)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)不(bu)是(shi)越(yue)多(duo)越(yue)好(hao),更(geng)沒(mei)有(you)哪(na)一(yi)種(zhong)雜(za)交(jiao)組(zu)合(he)可(ke)以(yi)適(shi)合(he)所(suo)有(you)地(di)區(qu)和(he)所(suo)有(you)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)條(tiao)件(jian)及(ji)永(yong)遠(yuan)符(fu)合(he)市(shi)場(chang)和(he)消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)。因(yin)此(ci),應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)本(ben)地(di)區(qu)的(de)豬(zhu)種(zhong)資(zi)源(yuan)、育種技術水平、飼養管理條件及市場需求狀況來選擇適當的雜交組合。
選xuan擇ze合he適shi的de雜za交jiao組zu合he,對dui於yu已yi經jing建jian立li起qi完wan整zheng繁fan育yu體ti係xi的de養yang豬zhu生sheng產chan者zhe來lai說shuo比bi較jiao容rong易yi實shi行xing,在zai進jin行xing商shang品pin仔zai豬zhu生sheng產chan時shi隻zhi要yao選xuan擇ze好hao雜za交jiao用yong父fu本ben品pin種zhong(係),ranhouanxiangyingdezajiaopeitaotixijinxingzajiaojiukeyihuodexiangyingdezazhonghoudai。danduiyucongwaigoujinzaizhulaijinxingyufeideshengchanzhelaishuo,xuanzefuhezijiyaoqiudezayouzhudenandujiudayixie,fengxianyejiaoda。yinci,weiletigaorouzhushengchanshuiping,bixujianliqixiangyingdefanyutixi。
二、提高仔豬的初生重和均勻重。仔豬的初生重、斷(duan)奶(nai)重(zhong)和(he)育(yu)肥(fei)效(xiao)果(guo)之(zhi)間(jian)存(cun)在(zai)密(mi)切(qie)的(de)關(guan)係(xi)。初(chu)生(sheng)重(zhong)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)仔(zai)豬(zhu)生(sheng)活(huo)力(li)較(jiao)強(qiang),體(ti)質(zhi)強(qiang)壯(zhuang),生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)迅(xun)速(su),斷(duan)奶(nai)體(ti)重(zhong)較(jiao)大(da),達(da)到(dao)屠(tu)宰(zai)體(ti)重(zhong)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)也(ye)較(jiao)短(duan)。一(yi)般(ban)仔(zai)豬(zhu)的(de)育(yu)肥(fei)起(qi)始(shi)體(ti)重(zhong)以(yi)20-25千克為宜。
肉rou豬zhu育yu肥fei開kai始shi時shi群qun內nei均jun勻yun度du越yue好hao,越yue有you利li於yu飼si養yang管guan理li,育yu肥fei效xiao果guo也ye越yue好hao。因yin此ci,無wu論lun從cong提ti高gao斷duan奶nai重zhong,還hai是shi從cong提ti高gao均jun勻yun度du考kao慮lv,都dou必bi須xu加jia強qiang哺bu乳ru仔zai豬zhu的de培pei育yu,為wei肉rou豬zhu的de育yu肥fei打da下xia良liang好hao的de基ji礎chu。
三、去勢。去勢後的育肥豬不僅生長速度較快,豬肉品質也較好。仔豬去勢可在10-20日齡進行,這時仔豬體重5-7qianke,yibaoding,caozuojianbian,zaizhuweiduannai,chuangkouxiao,yuhekuai,erbubidengdaoduannaihoujinxing。qushishi,yaozhuyixiaozhudeshentizhuangkuang,jinliangbaozhengqushihoubuyingxiangxiaozhudezhengchangshengchang。xiaozhuqushiqianhou,yaoyangexiaodu,bingbaochiquansheweisheng,yifangchuangkouganran;要加強去勢後的看護,避免小豬之間的相互爭鬥而影響傷口的愈合。公、母豬去勢後再進行育肥,其性情溫順,食欲增強,增重速度快,肉的品質好。
國外豬種性成熟較晚,育肥時一般隻將公豬去勢而母豬則不去勢。我國傳統的做法是公、母(mu)豬(zhu)都(dou)去(qu)勢(shi)後(hou)育(yu)肥(fei),原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)豬(zhu)種(zhong)的(de)性(xing)成(cheng)熟(shu)早(zao),育(yu)肥(fei)期(qi)長(chang)。但(dan)由(you)於(yu)近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)豬(zhu)種(zhong)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)改(gai)良(liang)及(ji)飼(si)料(liao)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)飼(si)養(yang)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)改(gai)進(jin),已(yi)使(shi)育(yu)肥(fei)期(qi)大(da)為(wei)縮(suo)短(duan)。因(yin)此(ci),可(ke)以(yi)改(gai)變(bian)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)做(zuo)法(fa),育(yu)肥(fei)時(shi)隻(zhi)去(qu)勢(shi)公(gong)豬(zhu),而(er)不(bu)去(qu)勢(shi)母(mu)豬(zhu)。
四、預yu防fang接jie種zhong。由you於yu抗kang生sheng素su的de不bu合he理li使shi用yong甚shen至zhi濫lan用yong,造zao成cheng耐nai藥yao性xing致zhi病bing菌jun株zhu的de不bu斷duan產chan生sheng,以yi及ji抗kang生sheng素su在zai動dong物wu體ti內nei蓄xu積ji並bing在zai其qi產chan品pin中zhong殘can留liu,人ren們men開kai始shi把ba目mu光guang轉zhuan移yi到dao疫yi苗miao(菌苗)接種上來。接種疫苗可有效地預防豬丹毒、豬瘟、豬肺疫、仔豬副傷寒、沙門氏菌病和嗜血杆菌病等傳染病,而且可預防新傳染源的出現。自繁自養的養豬場應按相應的免疫程序進行;需要從外購進仔豬進行育肥的養豬場,外購的仔豬需要隔離觀察幾天,若沒有疾病(尤其是傳染病)才能同其他健康豬合群進行育肥。但為了安全,育肥前應全部進行一次預防接種。
jiezhongyimiaoshi,yaoanyimiaobiaoqianguidingdejiliangheyaoqiujinxing,bingfangzhidafeizhenhelouda,tongshizhuyiguanchayimiaojiezhonghouzhuzhidefanying,duiyimiaoguominhuoyouyanzhongfuzuoyongde,yaojishicaiqucuoshi,fangzhizhufabinghuosiwang。
五、驅qu蟲chong。斷duan奶nai仔zai豬zhu育yu肥fei前qian要yao驅qu除chu體ti內nei外wai的de寄ji生sheng蟲chong,並bing進jin行xing疫yi苗miao接jie種zhong,確que保bao仔zai豬zhu健jian康kang無wu病bing,體ti格ge健jian壯zhuang。驅qu蟲chong是shi保bao證zheng仔zai豬zhu具ju有you良liang好hao的de消xiao化hua機ji能neng和he良liang好hao生sheng長chang性xing能neng的de重zhong要yao措cuo施shi,方fang法fa是shi,在zai驅qu蟲chong的de前qian一yi天tian,隻zhi供gong給gei仔zai豬zhu充chong足zu的de飲yin水shui,目mu的de是shi使shi其qi產chan生sheng饑ji餓e感gan,便bian於yu用yong藥yao;第二天清晨給豬飼喂含有驅蟲藥(如伊維菌素、左旋咪唑等)的de飼si料liao。也ye可ke用yong稀xi釋shi氰qing戊wu菌jun酯zhi溶rong液ye噴pen灑sa仔zai豬zhu體ti表biao,以yi消xiao滅mie體ti外wai寄ji生sheng蟲chong。當dang群qun體ti口kou服fu驅qu蟲chong藥yao時shi,應ying注zhu意yi使shi每mei頭tou豬zhu能neng均jun勻yun食shi入ru相xiang應ying的de藥yao量liang,防fang止zhi個ge別bie豬zhu隻zhi(體質健壯、食欲旺盛的豬隻)shiruliangguoda,zaochengzhongdusiwang。fuyongquchongyaohou,yingzhuyiguancha,ruochuxianfuzuoyong,yingjishijiejiu。quchonghoupaichudechongluanhefenbian,yingjishiqingchufajiao,yifangzhongfuganran。
六、防止育肥運動過度。肉豬在育肥過程中,應防止過度運動,特別是激烈的爭鬥、撕(si)咬(yao)或(huo)驅(qu)趕(gan)。這(zhe)不(bu)僅(jin)會(hui)消(xiao)耗(hao)體(ti)內(nei)能(neng)量(liang),還(hai)會(hui)使(shi)育(yu)肥(fei)豬(zhu)身(shen)體(ti)受(shou)到(dao)損(sun)傷(shang),影(ying)響(xiang)生(sheng)長(chang)。更(geng)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)是(shi)外(wai)來(lai)瘦(shou)肉(rou)型(xing)豬(zhu)由(you)於(yu)激(ji)烈(lie)運(yun)動(dong)和(he)驚(jing)恐(kong),容(rong)易(yi)患(huan)應(ying)激(ji)綜(zong)合(he)症(zheng),表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)突(tu)然(ran)出(chu)現(xian)痙(jing)攣(luan),四(si)肢(zhi)僵(jiang)硬(ying),嚴(yan)重(zhong)時(shi)會(hui)當(dang)場(chang)死(si)亡(wang)。因(yin)此(ci),應(ying)防(fang)止(zhi)育(yu)肥(fei)豬(zhu)過(guo)度(du)運(yun)動(dong),更(geng)不(bu)能(neng)驅(qu)趕(gan)、攆打或驚嚇。
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