所(suo)有(you)養(yang)豬(zhu)生(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)都(dou)明(ming)白(bai),一(yi)個(ge)豬(zhu)場(chang)母(mu)豬(zhu)群(qun)的(de)健(jian)康(kang)與(yu)否(fou),直(zhi)接(jie)決(jue)定(ding)著(zhe)整(zheng)個(ge)豬(zhu)群(qun)的(de)健(jian)康(kang),而(er)豬(zhu)群(qun)的(de)健(jian)康(kang)則(ze)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)動(dong)態(tai)平(ping)衡(heng)狀(zhuang)態(tai),隨(sui)著(zhe)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)變(bian)化(hua),外(wai)部(bu)因(yin)素(su)的(de)幹(gan)擾(rao)便(bian)會(hui)打(da)破(po)其(qi)原(yuan)有(you)的(de)平(ping)衡(heng)狀(zhuang)態(tai),而(er)發(fa)生(sheng)不(bu)可(ke)預(yu)見(jian)的(de)病(bing)變(bian)。為(wei)了(le)讓(rang)母(mu)豬(zhu)群(qun)保(bao)持(chi)強(qiang)勁(jin)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li),生(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)不(bu)得(de)不(bu)按(an)計(ji)劃(hua)更(geng)新(xin)母(mu)豬(zhu)群(qun)。一(yi)個(ge)商(shang)品(pin)豬(zhu)場(chang)母(mu)豬(zhu)的(de)年(nian)更(geng)新(xin)率(lv)約(yue)為(wei)30%左右,而一個種豬場的年更新率為40%zuoyou,dalianghoubeizhudetianchonghuiweichihuojiaqiangzhuqundeshengchanli,danyehuidapoyuanyouzhuqundedongtaipingheng,geishengchandailaibukeyujiandemafan,kejianhoubeizhudetianchongchengweizhiyuezhenggezhuqunjiankangdeguanjianyaosu,xuyaoshengchanzheshenzhong。renmenbuchonghoubeizhutongchangcaiyongliangzhongtujing,diyizhongshicongqitachangyinru,dierzhongshibenchangxuanliu。dabufendeshangpinzhuchangheshaoshudezhongzhuchangzaitianchonghoubeizhushicaiyongcongwaichangyinruyouxiudezhongzhuzhezhongmoshi,kewomenyemingbaizaiyinruyouxiujiyindetongshi,yekenengyinrubukezhidejibing,huigeirihoudeshengchandailaimafan。xuduochangchangdoumingri,xixifenxizhuqundefabing,dadoushiyouyuyinzhongerzaochengde,suoyiwomentixinggeweiyinzhongzhezhuyi“小心引種”,引(yin)種(zhong)時(shi)不(bu)但(dan)要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)種(zhong)豬(zhu)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)及(ji)體(ti)形(xing)外(wai)貌(mao),更(geng)要(yao)了(le)解(jie)其(qi)健(jian)康(kang)狀(zhuang)況(kuang),同(tong)時(shi)我(wo)們(men)的(de)供(gong)種(zhong)場(chang)家(jia)要(yao)把(ba)自(zi)己(ji)本(ben)場(chang)的(de)防(fang)疫(yi)治(zhi)療(liao)情(qing)況(kuang)毫(hao)無(wu)保(bao)留(liu)地(di)告(gao)訴(su)引(yin)種(zhong)者(zhe),使(shi)引(yin)種(zhong)場(chang)家(jia)知(zhi)己(ji)知(zhi)彼(bi),方(fang)能(neng)不(bu)處(chu)於(yu)被(bei)動(dong)。添(tian)充(chong)後(hou)備(bei)豬(zhu)最(zui)好(hao)辦(ban)法(fa)是(shi)本(ben)場(chang)選(xuan)留(liu),要(yao)本(ben)場(chang)選(xuan)留(liu)後(hou)備(bei)就(jiu)要(yao)組(zu)建(jian)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)純(chun)種(zhong)繁(fan)育(yu)群(qun),所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)引(yin)入(ru)二(er)元(yuan)豬(zhu)的(de)同(tong)時(shi),最(zui)好(hao)要(yao)引(yin)入(ru)一(yi)定(ding)數(shu)量(liang)的(de)原(yuan)種(zhong)豬(zhu),為(wei)以(yi)後(hou)添(tian)充(chong)後(hou)備(bei)豬(zhu)提(ti)供(gong)基(ji)礎(chu)。一(yi)些(xie)新(xin)建(jian)場(chang)引(yin)種(zhong)時(shi),經(jing)過(guo)詳(xiang)細(xi)考(kao)察(cha),在(zai)兼(jian)顧(gu)健(jian)康(kang)與(yu)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)原(yuan)則(ze)上(shang),確(que)定(ding)引(yin)種(zhong)場(chang)家(jia),引(yin)種(zhong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)根(gen)據(ju)豬(zhu)群(qun)的(de)規(gui)模(mo)引(yin)入(ru)寬(kuan)血(xue)緣(yuan)的(de)優(you)秀(xiu)原(yuan)種(zhong)豬(zhu),組(zu)成(cheng)核(he)心(xin)純(chun)種(zhong)繁(fan)育(yu)群(qun)。一(yi)些(xie)老(lao)豬(zhu)場(chang)引(yin)種(zhong)組(zu)建(jian)核(he)心(xin)群(qun)時(shi)先(xian)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)淨(jing)化(hua)方(fang)式(shi)或(huo)驗(yan)血(xue)方(fang)式(shi)淘(tao)汰(tai)一(yi)些(xie)對(dui)豬(zhu)群(qun)不(bu)利(li)的(de)強(qiang)毒(du)豬(zhu)隻(zhi),經(jing)過(guo)血(xue)檢(jian)了(le)解(jie)自(zi)己(ji)豬(zhu)群(qun)的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)抗(kang)體(ti)水(shui)平(ping),在(zai)徹(che)底(di)了(le)解(jie)自(zi)己(ji)豬(zhu)群(qun)健(jian)康(kang)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang),引(yin)入(ru)比(bi)自(zi)己(ji)母(mu)豬(zhu)更(geng)健(jian)康(kang)的(de)優(you)秀(xiu)種(zhong)豬(zhu),並(bing)且(qie)做(zuo)好(hao)選(xuan)種(zhong)、隔離、各種必需的免疫後再並入基礎群,核心群的更新也嚴格把握健康的標準,詳細的檔案記錄資料。
在把握了健康原則的情況下,我們一定選擇高產的種豬作為母本,生長快、體形好、xiongxingqiangdegongzhuzuoweifuben。muqian,nanfangdeyangzhushengchanzhedesixiangyishixiangduibeifangjiaoweixianjin,tamennengjiehebenchangshijiqingkuangzhidingkexuedeyinzhongjihua。beifangdeyangzhushengchanzhewangwangtaizhuzhongzhudetixingcongerzaochengshengchandenandujiada,zhengtixiaoyibugaodexianxiang,zhongdaonanfangdefuzhe。womenjianyiyaochangqiquedingcongyigezhuchanghuoyigegongsiyinzhong,jinliangbimianduochangyinzhong,yaoxuanzepinpaihao、服務好、信譽佳的大型種豬公司,時刻要把母豬的健康與高產放在第一位。
二、豬群的保健計劃與定期健康檢測
健(jian)康(kang)高(gao)產(chan)的(de)母(mu)豬(zhu)群(qun)是(shi)正(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu),為(wei)了(le)維(wei)持(chi)或(huo)保(bao)證(zheng)這(zhe)種(zhong)健(jian)康(kang)狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)長(chang)久(jiu),必(bi)須(xu)製(zhi)定(ding)嚴(yan)格(ge)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)保(bao)健(jian)計(ji)劃(hua),最(zui)近(jin)幾(ji)年(nian)由(you)於(yu)規(gui)模(mo)豬(zhu)場(chang)養(yang)殖(zhi)密(mi)度(du)過(guo)大(da),以(yi)傳(chuan)染(ran)性(xing)疾(ji)病(bing)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)率(lv)與(yu)死(si)亡(wang)率(lv)呈(cheng)上(shang)升(sheng)趨(qu)勢(shi),一(yi)旦(dan)病(bing)原(yuan)侵(qin)入(ru)易(yi)感(gan)豬(zhu)群(qun),很(hen)快(kuai)會(hui)涉(she)及(ji)全(quan)群(qun),造(zao)成(cheng)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)損(sun)失(shi),目(mu)前(qian)的(de)豬(zhu)病(bing)多(duo)由(you)原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)典(dian)型(xing)向(xiang)非(fei)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)溫(wen)和(he)型(xing)或(huo)亞(ya)臨(lin)床(chuang)型(xing)轉(zhuan)變(bian)。新(xin)病(bing)不(bu)斷(duan)、laobingyirancunzaidexianshi,youyubingyuantiyichuanbianyihuoxueqingxinggaibian,shideyibingyufangyuelaiyueyinnan,erqiesuizhebingyuanzailiuxingguochengzhongfashengduzhubianyidaozhifeidianxingyibingdeliuxing,weilezuzhijibingdekunrao,shengchanzhetichufangzhongyuzhi,yinweifangshizhudongde,zhishibeidongde,bixujianliqunfangqunzhi,quntibaojianjihua,suoyiwomenyaojinxingyufangxingdejiezhongyimiaojihua,dingshidingliangyaowutianjiabaojianjihua,jishengchongjiancehekongzhijihua,yingyangzhibiaojiancedefangandeng。
chongfenlejiezhouweichumuyangzhichangyounaxieyibing,jiehebenchangdeyibingqingkuang,ranhoujianlihelidemianyichengxu,helixuanzeyimiao,zhangwozhengquedeyimiaozhushefangfa,anguidingriqijiezhong,zhuqunmianyihou10天-14天,應抽10%左zuo右you豬zhu隻zhi血xue液ye,分fen離li血xue清qing送song檢jian,檢jian測ce血xue清qing抗kang體ti消xiao長chang情qing況kuang來lai掌zhang握wo豬zhu群qun免mian疫yi效xiao果guo,必bi要yao時shi補bu注zhu疫yi苗miao或huo調tiao整zheng免mian疫yi程cheng序xu或huo更geng換huan疫yi苗miao廠chang家jia,堅jian持chi檢jian疫yi,淘tao汰tai帶dai有you強qiang毒du的de豬zhu隻zhi。盡jin管guan豬zhu群qun做zuo了le嚴yan格ge的de免mian疫yi,但dan有you時shi仍reng會hui出chu現xian免mian疫yi抗kang體ti較jiao低di或huo豬zhu隻zhi體ti況kuang較jiao弱ruo的de情qing況kuang,會hui被bei疾ji病bing感gan染ran,為wei了le預yu防fang早zao期qi感gan染ran,我wo們men必bi須xu對dui豬zhu群qun進jin行xing藥yao物wu保bao健jian。
三、作好免疫工作
衛生條件差的豬場應進行大腸杆菌基因苗、紅痢菌苗、傳染性胃腸炎、流行性腹瀉、輪狀病毒、肺疫、丹毒、鏈球菌、傳染性胸膜肺炎等疫苗注射。
種豬場做好免疫監測,在豬群注苗後10-14天,抽樣采出分離血清送檢,檢查抗體消長情況,並檢疫某些傳染病。
監(jian)測(ce)某(mou)些(xie)疾(ji)病(bing)陰(yin)性(xing),可(ke)考(kao)慮(lv)不(bu)用(yong)疫(yi)苗(miao),尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)藍(lan)耳(er)病(bing)弱(ruo)毒(du)疫(yi)苗(miao)不(bu)要(yao)給(gei)妊(ren)娠(shen)母(mu)豬(zhu)和(he)育(yu)齡(ling)公(gong)豬(zhu)使(shi)用(yong)。汙(wu)染(ran)不(bu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)豬(zhu)場(chang)應(ying)選(xuan)用(yong)基(ji)因(yin)缺(que)失(shi)苗(miao),注(zhu)意(yi)選(xuan)用(yong)固(gu)定(ding)廠(chang)家(jia)的(de)基(ji)因(yin)缺(que)失(shi)苗(miao),防(fang)止(zhi)多(duo)廠(chang)家(jia)的(de)基(ji)因(yin)缺(que)失(shi)苗(miao)混(hun)用(yong),防(fang)止(zhi)病(bing)毒(du)發(fa)生(sheng)基(ji)因(yin)重(zhong)組(zu)現(xian)象(xiang)。
滅活苗最好在配種前進行2次免疫,間隔4-6周,使免疫加強。在暴發豬瘟、偽狂犬、細小病毒時應盡早使用弱毒苗進行緊急接種。在疫情穩定後或老疫病區為了淨化則選用滅活疫苗為主。四、驅蟲方案
蛔蟲、鞭蟲、疥(jie)蟎(man)等(deng)寄(ji)生(sheng)蟲(chong)損(sun)害(hai)機(ji)體(ti)免(mian)疫(yi)係(xi)統(tong),它(ta)對(dui)豬(zhu)體(ti)內(nei)營(ying)養(yang)消(xiao)耗(hao)大(da),使(shi)豬(zhu)隻(zhi)免(mian)疫(yi)應(ying)答(da)遲(chi)鈍(dun),使(shi)豬(zhu)群(qun)抵(di)抗(kang)力(li)下(xia)降(jiang),因(yin)此(ci)定(ding)期(qi)驅(qu)蟲(chong)對(dui)控(kong)製(zhi)寄(ji)生(sheng)蟲(chong)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)。根(gen)據(ju)生(sheng)產(chan)實(shi)踐(jian)建(jian)議(yi)以(yi)下(xia)驅(qu)蟲(chong)方(fang)法(fa):
母豬上床前1個月皮下注射伊維菌素0.3毫克/kg體重,間隔1周再重複1次。
公豬每年春秋各驅1次,用量同上。
斷奶仔豬(這時豬體重小,用藥少,驅蟲早)在轉入保育舍後用伊維菌素粉拌料喂豬連用7天,間隔1周再重複1次。
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