單詞與詞組   Words and phrases

    ①transition   n. 轉變

    ②interdependence   n. 互相依賴

    ③nutrition    n. 營養

    ④inadequate    n. 不適當的

    ⑤traumatic    a. 創傷的

    ⑥deter   v. 阻止  

    ⑦autonomy    n. 自主 

    ⑧actualization   n. 實現

    ⑨cope   v. 處理

    ⑩hang on to    v. 緊緊握住 

    ⑾repress   v. 壓製 

    ⑿channel   v. 引導

    Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition① from total helplessness to independence and then to interdependence②. Losers do not. Somewhere along the line they begin to avoid becoming self-responsible.

    盡jin管guan成cheng功gong立li業ye的de能neng力li與yu生sheng俱ju來lai，人ren們men出chu生sheng之zhi際ji也ye是shi無wu助zhu的de，完wan完wan全quan全quan地di依yi賴lai環huan境jing而er生sheng存cun。成cheng功gong者zhe順shun利li地di從cong完wan全quan的de無wu助zhu過guo渡du到dao自zi立li
，接jie著zhe再zai過guo渡du到dao人ren際ji間jian的de相xiang互hu依yi存cun。失shi敗bai者zhe則ze不bu然ran。在zai這zhe一yi過guo程cheng的de某mou一yi環huan節jie上shang
，他ta們men開kai始shi不bu願yuan對dui自zi己ji負fu責ze。

    Few people are total winners or losers. Most of them are winners in some areas of their lives and losers in others. Their winning or losing is influenced by what happens to them in childhood.

    很(hen)少(shao)有(you)人(ren)是(shi)完(wan)全(quan)的(de)成(cheng)功(gong)者(zhe)或(huo)失(shi)敗(bai)者(zhe)。大(da)多(duo)數(shu)人(ren)在(zai)人(ren)生(sheng)的(de)某(mou)些(xie)方(fang)麵(mian)是(shi)成(cheng)功(gong)者(zhe)，而(er)在(zai)另(ling)外(wai)一(yi)些(xie)方(fang)麵(mian)則(ze)是(shi)失(shi)敗(bai)者(zhe)。人(ren)的(de)成(cheng)功(gong)和(he)失(shi)敗(bai)與(yu)童(tong)年(nian)的(de)經(jing)曆(li)有(you)關(guan)。

    A lack of response to dependency needs, poor nutrition③, brutality, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, inadequate④ physical care, and traumatic⑤ events are among the many experiences that contribute to making people losers. 

    諸zhu如ru嬰ying幼you兒er時shi期qi無wu人ren照zhao顧gu

，營ying養yang不bu良liang，受shou到dao虐nue待dai，不bu良liang的de人ren際ji關guan係xi，疾ji病bing

，接jie踵zhong而er至zhi的de挫cuo折zhe，不bu良liang的de醫yi療liao條tiao件jian造zao成cheng心xin靈ling創chuang痛tong的de事shi件jian等deng，這zhe一yi切qie經jing曆li都dou可ke能neng導dao致zhi人ren生sheng的de失shi敗bai。

    Such experiences interrupt, deter⑥, or prevent the normal progress toward autonomy⑦ and self-actualization⑧. To cope⑨ with negative experiences a child learns to manipulate himself and others. These manipulative techniques are hard to give up later in life and often become set patterns. A winner works to shed them. A loser hangs on to⑩ them.

    這些經曆中斷、延(yan)緩(huan)或(huo)阻(zu)礙(ai)了(le)走(zou)向(xiang)自(zi)立(li)和(he)自(zi)我(wo)實(shi)現(xian)的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)進(jin)程(cheng)。在(zai)應(ying)付(fu)負(fu)麵(mian)經(jing)曆(li)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)
，小(xiao)孩(hai)子(zi)學(xue)會(hui)了(le)操(cao)縱(zong)自(zi)己(ji)和(he)他(ta)人(ren)。這(zhe)些(xie)操(cao)縱(zong)性(xing)手(shou)腕(wan)在(zai)成(cheng)年(nian)後(hou)很(hen)難(nan)棄(qi)絕(jue)，常(chang)常(chang)變(bian)成(cheng)頑(wan)固(gu)的(de)習(xi)性(xing)，成(cheng)功(gong)者(zhe)竭(jie)力(li)棄(qi)絕(jue)這(zhe)種(zhong)習(xi)性(xing)，而(er)失(shi)敗(bai)者(zhe)深(shen)陷(xian)其(qi)中(zhong)
，難(nan)以(yi)自(zi)拔(ba)。

    A loser represses⑾ his capacity to express spontaneously and appropriately his full range of possible behavior. He may be unaware of other options for his life if the path he chooses goes nowhere. He is afraid to try new things. He maintains his own status. He is a repeater. He repeats not only his mistakes, but also those of his family and culture.

    失(shi)敗(bai)者(zhe)壓(ya)抑(yi)自(zi)己(ji)以(yi)自(zi)然(ran)而(er)得(de)體(ti)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)靈(ling)活(huo)行(xing)事(shi)的(de)能(neng)力(li)。他(ta)選(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)道(dao)路(lu)是(shi)條(tiao)死(si)胡(hu)同(tong)
，他(ta)不(bu)明(ming)白(bai)人(ren)生(sheng)中(zhong)還(hai)有(you)其(qi)他(ta)許(xu)多(duo)選(xuan)擇(ze)。他(ta)不(bu)敢(gan)進(jin)行(xing)新(xin)的(de)嚐(chang)試(shi)。他(ta)維(wei)持(chi)著(zhe)現(xian)狀(zhuang)。他(ta)隻(zhi)在(zai)原(yuan)地(di)踏(ta)步(bu)，不(bu)僅(jin)重(zhong)複(fu)著(zhe)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)錯(cuo)誤(wu)
，而(er)且(qie)重(zhong)複(fu)著(zhe)他(ta)的(de)家(jia)庭(ting)和(he)本(ben)民(min)族(zu)的(de)錯(cuo)誤(wu)。

    A loser has difficulty giving and receiving affection. He does not enter into intimate, honest, direct relationships with others. Instead, he tries to manipulate them into living up to his expectations and channels⑿ his energies into living up to their expectations.

    失敗者難以表達或接受愛意。他從不與他人建立親密
、誠實而直率的關係。反之，他試圖操縱他人，希望他人不辜負他的期望
，而自己也竭力去迎合他人的期望。