HOW to write the English summary of Food Scientific Paper
CHEN De- chang PENG Zeng- qi LI Chang- wen ZHANG Jia- cheng
Abstract:In this paper,the type,the structure and the content of English summary of food scientific paper were Introduced. The attention for writingEnglish summary was also exPounded.
Key words :food scientific paper,English summary
摘要:介紹了食品科技論文摘要的形式,以及其結構和內容,並闡明寫作英文摘要需要注意的問題。
關鍵詞:食品科技論文;英文摘要
0 前言
長(chang)期(qi)以(yi)來(lai),英(ying)語(yu)在(zai)學(xue)術(shu)刊(kan)物(wu)裏(li)一(yi)直(zhi)占(zhan)有(you)主(zhu)導(dao)地(di)位(wei),現(xian)如(ru)今(jin)隨(sui)著(zhe)國(guo)際(ji)交(jiao)流(liu)的(de)日(ri)益(yi)發(fa)展(zhan),科(ke)技(ji)英(ying)文(wen)摘(zhai)要(yao)在(zai)國(guo)際(ji)學(xue)術(shu)交(jiao)流(liu)中(zhong)起(qi)著(zhe)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。聯(lian)合(he)國(guo)教(jiao)科(ke)文(wen)組(zu)織(zhi)製(zhi)定(ding)的(de)科(ke)學(xue)技(ji)術(shu)雜(za)誌(zhi)準(zhun)則(ze)中(zhong)規(gui)定(ding):每(mei)篇(pian)正(zheng)式(shi)的(de)英(ying)文(wen)論(lun)文(wen)應(ying)當(dang)附(fu)有(you)論(lun)文(wen)摘(zhai)要(yao),而(er)非(fei)英(ying)語(yu)寫(xie)出(chu)的(de)論(lun)文(wen)則(ze)應(ying)當(dang)有(you)一(yi)段(duan)英(ying)文(wen)寫(xie)出(chu)的(de)摘(zhai)要(yao)。目(mu)前(qian),我(wo)國(guo)許(xu)多(duo)中(zhong)文(wen)科(ke)技(ji)期(qi)刊(kan)都(dou)要(yao)求(qiu)發(fa)表(biao)的(de)論(lun)文(wen)要(yao)附(fu)有(you)一(yi)篇(pian)英(ying)文(wen)摘(zhai)要(yao),因(yin)此(ci)寫(xie)好(hao)英(ying)文(wen)摘(zhai)
要是值得科技工作者重視的問題。
1 英文摘要的形式
摘要是一種高度概括性的文體,要求用較小的篇幅、jiaoshaodejuzizongjiechulunwenzhongdezhuyaofaxian,xiangduzhetigonglunwenzhongdequanbuchuangxinneironghejinkenengduodedinglianghuodingxingxinxi。yingwenzhaiyaotongchangyouliangzhongxingshi,yishiziliaoxingzhaiyao,ershichenshuxingzhaiyao。
1.l 資料性摘要
說出論文的研究目的、實驗方法、結果和最終結論等。如:
To determine the effects on the structure formation of comminuted meat emulsions and meat products,emulsions made from pork and ham fat were produced incorporating common additives at standard levels: muscle protein(MP); MP+ sodium caseinate;and MP+ blood plasma protein(BPP)-all 3 variants with and without 3% added salt.The control contained MP but no added salt.The emulsions were then canned, pasteurized, and refrigerated for 24h.Analysis of the effects of the treatments on sta-
bility,structural and rheological properties,and texture of the emulsions and end products showed that addition of sodium caseinate and Bpp caused a deterioratlon In tex-tural and structural ProPerties of the MP,leading to prod-ucts with a liquidy,elastic struture and a watery,spongy
and loose texture.
1.2 陳述性摘要
長chang篇pian論lun文wen有you大da量liang的de數shu據ju,無wu法fa容rong納na在zai有you限xian篇pian幅fu的de摘zhai要yao裏li,因yin此ci,摘zhai要yao隻zhi敘xu述shu論lun文wen內nei容rong的de要yao點dian,不bu寫xie出chu研yan究jiu結jie果guo和he結jie論lun的de細xi節jie,使shi讀du者zhe對dui論lun文wen的de主zhu要yao內nei容rong有you一yi
個概括的了解。如:
A total Of 124 bstches Of fresh Autrian lamb was analysed for shlga-toxin producing EScherichia coli
(STEC).None of the batches yielded STEC 0157, but 21 samples harboured none-0157 STEC strains.The predom-inant serotype was 0146(4 isolates of 0146;HNT and 3 of 0146: H21).All isolates contained the enterohaemorrhagic E.coli(EHEC)hly gene and all but one(STEC 015:H-)
the enterohaemolysin positive phenotype;only one isolate(STEC0146:HNT) contained the eae virulence factor.The health risk from this meat could be regarded as low due to the lack of classical human pathogenic EHEC.
2 英文摘要的結構和內容
1、研究目的――陳述研究的宗旨、說明要研究和解決的問題。如:TO determine the effects on the structure formation of comminuted meat emulsions and meat prod-ucts.
2、研究方法――介紹研究的途徑,采用的材料、模型、實驗範圍及手段。如:emulsions made from pork and ham fat were produced Incorporating common additives at standard levels.
3、研究結果(或結論)以及意義――實事求是地報道經過試驗和研究所獲得的新資料、新數據、新理論、新結果。如:Analysis of the effects of the treatments on stability,structural and rheological properties, and texture of the emulsions and end products showed that addition of soldium
caseinate and BPP caused a deterioration in tex-tural and structural properties of the MP,leading to prod-ucts with a liquidy,elastic structure and watery,spongy and loose texture.
3 寫英文摘要時應注意的問題
一(yi)般(ban)論(lun)文(wen)摘(zhai)要(yao)多(duo)放(fang)在(zai)論(lun)文(wen)的(de)前(qian)麵(mian)。一(yi)篇(pian)好(hao)的(de)論(lun)文(wen)摘(zhai)要(yao)是(shi)全(quan)文(wen)的(de)縮(suo)影(ying),要(yao)求(qiu)簡(jian)短(duan)扼(e)要(yao)地(di)報(bao)道(dao)文(wen)章(zhang)的(de)主(zhu)題(ti)內(nei)容(rong),既(ji)有(you)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)概(gai)括(kuo)性(xing),又(you)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)報(bao)道(dao)深(shen)度(du)。因(yin)此(ci),寫(xie)好(hao)食(shi)品(pin)科(ke)技(ji)論(lun)文(wen)英(ying)文(wen)摘(zhai)要(yao),應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)以(yi)下(xia)幾(ji)方(fang)麵(mian)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)。
3.1 避免重複
不要過於簡單地隻把論文標題加以擴展或重複(即摘要的首句是對論文標題的擴展或重複),yebunengjianglunwendeduanluobiaotiquanbujiayiluolielaidaitizhaiyao,shiduzhewufadedaodequanwengenggai。zhezhongxiefazaiwenxianzhongshiyoude,danwomenyaobimianzhezhongxiefa。
3.2 篇幅要小
1、英文摘要是具有高度概括性的一種文體,要求篇幅盡量小,句子(少用短句)盡可能
少而完整。一篇摘要一般不超過250個單詞,目的是使讀者讀後確定是否需要閱讀全文。
2、英ying文wen摘zhai要yao應ying寫xie成cheng一yi段duan,不bu分fen段duan落luo。摘zhai要yao本ben身shen要yao完wan整zheng,能neng獨du立li使shi用yong,使shi那na些xie對dui所suo論lun總zong是shi有you所suo了le解jie的de讀du者zhe,即ji使shi得de不bu到dao原yuan文wen,也ye能neng一yi目mu了le解jie,獲huo得de明ming確que的de概gai念nian。因yin此ci,摘zhai要yao應ying用yong純chun文wen敘xu述shu,應ying避bi免mian使shi用yong正zheng文wen中zhong的de縮suo寫xie字zi、圖、表、化學結構式、數學公式或與角注、插圖、表格、參考文獻等有關符號。允許使用公知的縮略語,但非標準的,特別是作者自構的縮略語在第一次出現時需加注全稱,如:muscle protein(MP),blood plasma protein(BPP).
3.3 在文字上要遵循一般英語語法
1、人稱:摘要是從客觀的角度用簡練的語言介紹論文的主要內容的,因此忌用第一、第二人稱,而用第三人稱。
2、動態:在zai使shi用yong第di三san人ren稱cheng時shi,也ye應ying使shi用yong研yan究jiu的de客ke體ti作zuo主zhu語yu,這zhe樣yang既ji顯xian得de客ke觀guan,也ye能neng避bi免mian敘xu述shu中zhong心xin轉zhuan移yi,從cong而er維wei護hu統tong一yi性xing,又you便bian於yu具ju體ti內nei容rong的de輔fu陳chen。采cai用yong以yi研yan究jiu的de客ke體ti作zuo主zhu語yu決jue定ding了le謂wei語yu多duo用yong被bei動dong語yu態tai。
3、謂語時態:英ying文wen摘zhai要yao原yuan則ze上shang不bu排pai斥chi任ren何he時shi態tai的de使shi用yong,但dan以yi一yi般ban過guo去qu時shi為wei最zui多duo見jian。因yin為wei摘zhai要yao內nei敘xu述shu的de工gong作zuo相xiang對dui於yu文wen章zhang發fa表biao時shi已yi是shi過guo去qu的de事shi,將jiang所suo得de的de結jie果guo和he結jie論lun用yong一yi般ban過guo去qu時shi表biao達da是shi說shuo明ming當dang時shi的de情qing況kuang,而er不bu將jiang其qi視shi為wei普pu遍bian性xing規gui律lv或huo真zhen理li,這zhe樣yang比bi較jiao客ke觀guan。但dan對dui規gui律lv性xing事shi物wu往wang往wang用yong一yi般ban現xian在zai時shi表biao達da,因yin為wei,規gui律lv性xing事shi物wu過guo去qu如ru此ci,現xian在zai如ru此ci,將jiang來lai也ye應ying該gai如ru此ci。
如在A total of 124 batches of fresh Autrian lamb was analysed for shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli(STEC)中,A total of 124 batches of fresh Autrian lamb就是用研究的客體作主語,因而用的是第三人稱,同時語態也是被動語態(was),而時態也很明顯的是用過去時(was)。
4 小結
我們在寫英文摘要時要注意文摘的用語、遣語造句以及修辭,既不能寫出大量零碎的短句,也不能寫太長的長句以避免出錯。總之, 一篇好的英文科技論文摘要,應寫得簡明扼要,有實際內容,合乎英語語法。
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