1、企業的導向有問題
許xu多duo中zhong小xiao企qi業ye的de老lao板ban都dou是shi業ye務wu出chu身shen,都dou知zhi道dao沒mei有you業ye務wu就jiu沒mei有you利li潤run,業ye務wu是shi利li潤run的de源yuan泉quan,所suo以yi,他ta們men非fei常chang注zhu重zhong客ke戶hu的de要yao求qiu和he反fan應ying,一yi切qie圍wei繞rao著zhe客ke戶hu轉zhuan,對dui於yu與yu客ke戶hu打da交jiao道dao的de人ren――業務人員也賦予了高於一般管理者的權力,致使企業完完全全成為了客戶的附屬和車間,而客戶的類型和需要又是多種多樣、千(qian)變(bian)萬(wan)化(hua)的(de),企(qi)業(ye)的(de)資(zi)源(yuan)都(dou)是(shi)有(you)限(xian)的(de),滿(man)足(zu)了(le)甲(jia)客(ke)戶(hu)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),就(jiu)難(nan)以(yi)同(tong)時(shi)滿(man)足(zu)乙(yi)客(ke)戶(hu)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),有(you)時(shi)候(hou)剛(gang)按(an)客(ke)戶(hu)的(de)來(lai)做(zuo),客(ke)戶(hu)可(ke)能(neng)又(you)更(geng)改(gai)了(le)要(yao)求(qiu)!
總之,企業的一切都隨著客戶的變化而波動,企業總是在追趕著客戶的腳步,卻又永遠無法追上。
從理論上來說,以客戶為中心是現代企業的經營理念,企業應該隨著客戶的需要而動,但從操作層麵上來講,這卻是一句空話。
因yin為wei每mei一yi個ge企qi業ye的de存cun在zai,首shou先xian是shi為wei了le自zi身shen的de贏ying利li,企qi業ye的de目mu的de是shi為wei了le自zi己ji,而er為wei了le達da到dao這zhe個ge目mu的de,它ta不bu得de不bu去qu關guan注zhu客ke戶hu的de需xu要yao,可ke見jian,自zi身shen的de自zi存cun和he贏ying利li是shi目mu的de,滿man足zu客ke戶hu的de需xu要yao是shi手shou段duan,那na麼me當dang企qi業ye為wei了le滿man足zu客ke戶hu需xu要yao而er陷xian入ru一yi片pian混hun亂luan,並bing且qie付fu出chu了le企qi業ye不bu能neng承cheng受shou的de成cheng本ben和he代dai價jia時shi,企qi業ye就jiu應ying該gai反fan思si自zi己ji的de行xing為wei模mo式shi了le,企qi業ye應ying該gai思si考kao自zi己ji怎zen樣yang才cai能neng過guo得de更geng好hao。
dangqiyesikaozijizenyangcainengguodegenghaodeshihou,guanlijiukaishitishangleyishiricheng,guoqudanchunpinshichangdezuofa,jiukaishizhuanxiangjikaoshichanggengkaoneibuguanlidejieduan,qiyejingyingdemuguangkaishinei、外兼顧,企業的行為開始走向了自我控製。
jihuabumenjiushiqiyeziwokongzhideguanjianbumen,yinweiyiqiewaibukehudeyaoqiuhexinxiyaobianchengqiyedexingwei,douxuyaotongjihuadeguolvheganyu,qiyekaishizhujiandongde,jiyaomanzukehuxuqiu,danyouyinggaiyousuoxuanzedequmanzu,jiyaoankehudeyaoqiuquzuo,danyoubixujiangkehudeyaoqiunarudaoqiyedezhengtimubiaozhonglai,manzukehuxuqiu,bingfeibaifenzhibaidetingmingyukehu,ershitongguojijizhudongdeyindaohegoutongdachengyizhi,chengweiqiyehekehudegongtongxuyao,ranhoudongyongqiyeziyuanqudachengzhegegongtongdemubiao。
在zai這zhe裏li,對dui客ke戶hu需xu求qiu幹gan預yu是shi必bi須xu的de,而er有you效xiao幹gan預yu的de前qian提ti就jiu是shi選xuan擇ze,選xuan擇ze適shi合he於yu企qi業ye的de客ke戶hu,選xuan擇ze與yu企qi業ye的de現xian有you能neng力li和he資zi源yuan相xiang適shi應ying的de客ke戶hu,而er不bu是shi滿man足zu所suo有you的de客ke戶hu,是shi既ji兼jian顧gu這zhe客ke戶hu需xu要yao又you兼jian顧gu自zi己ji需xu要yao的de前qian提ti,所suo以yi,強qiang調tiao企qi業ye自zi身shen的de目mu標biao和he需xu要yao並bing不bu與yu“以客戶為中心”相矛盾,隻有當企業麵對市場,什麼客戶都想抓住,任何一份訂單都不願放棄的時候,這兩種目標,即“以企業贏利為目標”和“以客戶為中心”才(cai)是(shi)尖(jian)銳(rui)對(dui)立(li)的(de),而(er)當(dang)企(qi)業(ye)有(you)選(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)對(dui)待(dai)客(ke)戶(hu)的(de)訂(ding)單(dan),當(dang)企(qi)業(ye)找(zhao)準(zhun)了(le)適(shi)合(he)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)客(ke)戶(hu)時(shi),企(qi)業(ye)的(de)贏(ying)利(li)目(mu)標(biao)和(he)以(yi)客(ke)戶(hu)為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)理(li)念(nian)才(cai)會(hui)相(xiang)輔(fu)相(xiang)成(cheng),合(he)二(er)為(wei)一(yi)。
所suo以yi確que切qie的de說shuo,當dang企qi業ye麵mian臨lin一yi種zhong兩liang難nan選xuan擇ze時shi,即ji意yi味wei著zhe企qi業ye還hai沒mei有you真zhen正zheng的de做zuo出chu自zi己ji的de特te色se,還hai沒mei有you在zai市shi場chang上shang取qu得de清qing晰xi而er準zhun確que的de定ding位wei,還hai搖yao擺bai不bu定ding,究jiu竟jing想xiang與yu哪na些xie客ke戶hu做zuo生sheng意yi還hai不bu很hen清qing楚chu,此ci時shi,他ta們men想xiang跟gen世shi界jie上shang所suo有you的de客ke戶hu做zuo生sheng意yi,想xiang賺zhuan能neng賺zhuan到dao的de所suo有you的de錢qian,當dang然ran他ta們men知zhi道dao這zhe不bu太tai可ke能neng,但dan他ta們men又you認ren為wei別bie無wu他ta法fa,他ta們men還hai不bu能neng穩wen定ding的de去qu做zuo事shi,還hai不bu能neng靠kao一yi種zhong做zuo事shi的de風feng格ge和he特te點dian去qu吸xi引yin客ke戶hu,而er隻zhi能neng做zuo出chu來lai以yi後hou去qu取qu得de客ke戶hu的de認ren可ke。靠kao最zui終zhong的de結jie果guo,而er不bu是shi風feng格ge和he特te點dian贏ying得de客ke戶hu。
他們就跟那些與客戶打交道的其他供應商沒有區別,客戶隨時可能離他而去,客戶跟他做生意也隻是偶然和隨機。
zhengyinweitadeshengyiqujueyudaliangdeouranhesuiji,tabianhuibuguyiqiedezhuazhumeiyigejihui,yinweitabuzhidaohexiayigejihuizainali。zheshiduiweilaimeiyouyidianzhangkonggansuobiaoxianchulaidejinzhanghemangluan,danbeiqiyezijicuowudelijiechengle“以客戶為中心”和“以市場為導向”, 這是一個謬誤,隻能證明這樣的企業尚未成熟,或正在走向成熟,但絕對不應該理解成他們在成熟的實踐著“以客戶為中心”的經營理念。
做(zuo)出(chu)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)判(pan)別(bie)是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de),因(yin)為(wei)它(ta)告(gao)誡(jie)許(xu)多(duo)中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye),要(yao)真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)做(zuo)好(hao)以(yi)客(ke)戶(hu)為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin),不(bu)是(shi)靠(kao)這(zhe)種(zhong)以(yi)混(hun)亂(luan)為(wei)代(dai)價(jia),凡(fan)事(shi)聽(ting)命(ming)於(yu)客(ke)戶(hu)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)去(qu)實(shi)現(xian),而(er)是(shi)靠(kao)自(zi)己(ji)準(zhun)確(que)的(de)市(shi)場(chang)定(ding)位(wei)和(he)特(te)色(se),靠(kao)與(yu)某(mou)些(xie)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)客(ke)戶(hu)而(er)不(bu)是(shi)全(quan)部(bu)客(ke)戶(hu)形(xing)成(cheng)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)關(guan)係(xi)來(lai)實(shi)現(xian),生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)計(ji)劃(hua)性(xing),恰(qia)恰(qia)有(you)助(zhu)於(yu)企(qi)業(ye)以(yi)一(yi)種(zhong)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)姿(zi)態(tai)去(qu)麵(mian)對(dui)客(ke)戶(hu)。
所suo以yi,如ru果guo企qi業ye因yin為wei計ji劃hua對dui需xu求qiu的de幹gan預yu而er導dao致zhi某mou些xie客ke戶hu和he訂ding單dan的de流liu失shi,那na隻zhi是shi表biao示shi這zhe些xie客ke戶hu不bu是shi企qi業ye的de目mu標biao客ke戶hu,是shi企qi業ye優you化hua客ke戶hu的de過guo程cheng中zhong必bi須xu付fu出chu的de代dai價jia,往wang往wang這zhe樣yang流liu失shi的de訂ding單dan和he客ke戶hu並bing不bu是shi能neng給gei企qi業ye帶dai來lai多duo大da贏ying利li貢gong獻xian的de客ke戶hu,放fang棄qi隻zhi是shi遲chi早zao的de事shi情qing。
2、企業的管理基礎太差
xuduozhongxiaoqiyedeguanlidoujianlizaijingyandejichushang,kaozheyixieyoujingyanderenzaizhichengzhe,guanlideduicedoucunzaiyuzhexierendenaodaizhizhong,youqiduiyushengchanyunzuoguanli,tamenpingzhezijizaichejianganleduoniandejingyan,laipanduandingdandewangongqi,laizuzhishengchan。
但(dan)這(zhe)種(zhong)判(pan)斷(duan)和(he)組(zu)織(zhi)有(you)沒(mei)有(you)充(chong)分(fen)的(de)根(gen)據(ju),是(shi)否(fou)科(ke)學(xue),卻(que)一(yi)概(gai)不(bu)知(zhi),他(ta)們(men)隻(zhi)知(zhi)道(dao)昨(zuo)天(tian)這(zhe)樣(yang)幹(gan),今(jin)天(tian)就(jiu)這(zhe)樣(yang)幹(gan),今(jin)天(tian)就(jiu)這(zhe)樣(yang)幹(gan),將(jiang)來(lai)還(hai)這(zhe)樣(yang)幹(gan)。
生sheng產chan可ke以yi說shuo是shi一yi種zhong非fei常chang複fu雜za而er又you需xu要yao精jing確que掌zhang控kong的de過guo程cheng,一yi個ge訂ding單dan有you許xu多duo的de品pin種zhong,一yi種zhong產chan品pin又you有you許xu多duo的de零ling部bu件jian,每mei個ge零ling部bu件jian又you需xu要yao經jing過guo若ruo幹gan道dao工gong序xu,一yi道dao工gong序xu又you需xu要yao物wu料liao、人工、設she備bei等deng各ge種zhong生sheng產chan要yao素su的de準zhun確que的de配pei合he,這zhe一yi切qie都dou如ru同tong一yi台tai精jing確que運yun作zuo的de機ji器qi,它ta需xu要yao內nei部bu各ge個ge環huan節jie的de運yun作zuo都dou恰qia如ru其qi分fen的de吻wen合he上shang,它ta需xu要yao精jing密mi的de計ji算suan和he管guan控kong,才cai能neng生sheng產chan出chu好hao的de產chan品pin,才cai能neng保bao持chi高gao效xiao,然ran而er我wo們men的de中zhong小xiao企qi業ye的de生sheng產chan管guan理li者zhe們men是shi些xie什shen麼me人ren呢ne?他ta們men又you怎zen樣yang的de管guan理li著zhe這zhe台tai精jing密mi的de機ji器qi呢ne?
他們是些看見數據就頭疼的人:他們喜歡在車間對著人和事發威,但他們就怕看一張張枯燥的報表和數據,他們認為管理就是管人、管(guan)物(wu),他(ta)們(men)認(ren)為(wei)管(guan)理(li)就(jiu)是(shi)與(yu)活(huo)生(sheng)生(sheng)的(de)人(ren)打(da)交(jiao)道(dao),所(suo)以(yi),他(ta)們(men)看(kan)起(qi)來(lai),個(ge)個(ge)生(sheng)龍(long)活(huo)虎(hu),在(zai)車(che)間(jian)走(zou)來(lai)走(zou)去(qu),並(bing)且(qie)總(zong)是(shi)虎(hu)虎(hu)生(sheng)威(wei),讓(rang)員(yuan)工(gong)見(jian)著(zhe)就(jiu)怕(pa),他(ta)們(men)以(yi)為(wei)隻(zhi)要(yao)工(gong)人(ren)們(men)怕(pa)了(le)他(ta),不(bu)敢(gan)偷(tou)懶(lan),工(gong)廠(chang)就(jiu)管(guan)好(hao)了(le),管(guan)理(li)就(jiu)到(dao)位(wei)了(le),不(bu)讓(rang)人(ren)閑(xian)著(zhe),不(bu)讓(rang)設(she)備(bei)停(ting)著(zhe),不(bu)讓(rang)地(di)方(fang)空(kong)著(zhe),這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)這(zhe)些(xie)從(cong)大(da)山(shan)深(shen)處(chu)跑(pao)了(le)出(chu)來(lai),從(cong)農(nong)業(ye)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)轉(zhuan)眼(yan)成(cheng)為(wei)了(le)工(gong)業(ye)管(guan)理(li)者(zhe)的(de)他(ta)們(men)非(fei)常(chang)樸(pu)素(su)的(de)管(guan)理(li)理(li)念(nian)。
他們的祖祖輩輩一代代的傳輸給他們這樣的理念:隻(zhi)要(yao)肯(ken)幹(gan)活(huo),就(jiu)能(neng)過(guo)好(hao)的(de)生(sheng)活(huo),肯(ken)幹(gan)成(cheng)為(wei)了(le)如(ru)今(jin)大(da)多(duo)數(shu)中(zhong)小(xiao)私(si)企(qi)生(sheng)產(chan)管(guan)理(li)者(zhe)的(de)共(gong)同(tong)的(de)特(te)性(xing)和(he)標(biao)誌(zhi)。這(zhe)種(zhong)特(te)質(zhi)的(de)確(que)成(cheng)就(jiu)了(le)私(si)企(qi)老(lao)板(ban)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)正(zheng)因(yin)為(wei)有(you)這(zhe)群(qun)拚(pin)命(ming)三(san)郎(lang)才(cai)有(you)許(xu)多(duo)中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)今(jin)天(tian),有(you)他(ta)們(men)一(yi)天(tian)十(shi)幾(ji)個(ge)小(xiao)時(shi)的(de)拚(pin)打(da)才(cai)有(you)了(le)中(zhong)小(xiao)私(si)企(qi)在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)上(shang)的(de)特(te)殊(shu)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)――低廉的價格。
這群人以及他們所率領的工人們有點像50―60niandaideyiqunzailixiangzhuyideqizhixia,dagankuaishangdeqianbeimenyiyang,jinguantamendedongjibutong,dantamendezuoyonghefenggequefeichangxiangsi,zheshitongyangyouzheshiganjingshenhepusumubiaodeyiqunren,keyishuotamenshixuduofadadiqusiyinggongyeqiyedejishi,dantamenyutamendeqianbeimenyiyang,douzhinengdaibiaoyigeshidai,erbunengdaibiaoweilai,yinweizhexierenshenshangsuoyongyoudezhishigongchangzhetaijiqidanshengshisuoxuyaodemanganhechiku,ertamenshenshangsuoquefade,queshirangzhetaijiqigaoxiaoyunzhuansuoxuyaodejingquedejisuanheyunchoudenengli。
suoyi,tamenkeyirangchejianxianderehuochaotian,chengxianyipianfanmangjingxiang,danquebunengbaozhengshenmeshihouchuhuo,tamenkeyirangquanshijiederendouzhidao,tamenyijingmangdegouqiangle,danshizainanyizhunshiwangong,yuanyinkenengshiyoujizhongwuliaomeinengzhunshisongdao。dangranquewuliaoshigongyingshangdecuo、是采購的錯,或者誰都沒錯,隻是因為他們不能閑著。
yekenengshiyuanbenzhunshiwangong,danpianpianshebeiyouchulewenti,haikenengshiyinweizhongtuchaleyigedingdan,erdaluanleshengchandezhengchangzhixu,zongzhiyuanyinfeichangdeduo,yiqiedounanyiyuliao,tamenweiyinengzuodaodejiushitamenfeichangdeduo,yiqiedounanyiyuliao,tamenweiyinengzuodaodejiushitamenfeichangdemaili,erzuinanyizuodaodeshizhunquedeyuji,tamenrenweiyiqiedouwufayuji,qishitamenyagenerjiumeiyouzuoguoyuji,tamenzhishiganjiao,ganjiaoyinggaimeiwenti,ganjiaosantiankeyijiaohuo,yiqiequanpingganjiao,zhejiushimuqianxuduozhongxiaosiqiguanlirenyuandeshiji,zaizheyangdeguanlibeijingxia,hunluanhedixiaoshizirandeshi。
目前的許多中小私企,就像一台無法看清內部運轉狀況的機器。
我們把訂單下到車間、倉庫、caigou,jiurutongbacailiaosongjinlezhetaiheixiangyibandejiqi,shuidoubuzhidaojiujingshenmeshihounengchulai,chulaidedongxijiujingyoumeiyouwenti,meiyouchulaidehuayoukazailehechu。
yiqiexiangshitingtianyoumingmai,yiqieyaokaoshangdibaoyou,youdeqiyehuiyinweizhuangpeichejiandemougebujianxuyaofangong,erwurenzhuizongfangongjiandeqingkuang,jingshidezhengchangdezhuangpeiqitingzhishitianyishang,youdeqiyequanpinglaobanmeitiandegenjin,ruguolaobanbugenjin,jiuhuiyouyibandehuochubulai,jiusuanlaobanzaizhuangpeichejiangenjinchuhuo,yewangwangdejiabanjiadian,zhezhongqingkuangbingbuwanquanshiyinweichuhuoduo、任務重,很多的情況是大部份裝配所需的零部件已生產出來,但有一、二種或一、二(er)件(jian)卻(que)還(hai)在(zai)別(bie)的(de)車(che)間(jian),或(huo)在(zai)倉(cang)庫(ku)或(huo)采(cai)購(gou)途(tu)中(zhong),整(zheng)個(ge)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng),監(jian)控(kong)工(gong)作(zuo)做(zuo)得(de)很(hen)差(cha),隻(zhi)有(you)要(yao)出(chu)貨(huo)時(shi),一(yi)切(qie)才(cai)開(kai)始(shi)普(pu)得(de)明(ming)朗(lang),缺(que)多(duo)少(shao)?缺(que)什(shen)麼(me)?卡(ka)在(zai)何(he)處(chu)?才(cai)開(kai)始(shi)引(yin)起(qi)了(le)各(ge)個(ge)相(xiang)關(guan)環(huan)節(jie)的(de)注(zhu)意(yi),並(bing)且(qie)成(cheng)為(wei)了(le)他(ta)們(men)重(zhong)點(dian)解(jie)決(jue)和(he)攻(gong)克(ke)的(de)目(mu)標(biao),所(suo)以(yi),老(lao)板(ban)成(cheng)為(wei)了(le)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)總(zong)控(kong)製(zhi),總(zong)調(tiao)度(du),出(chu)貨(huo)成(cheng)為(wei)了(le)檢(jian)驗(yan)企(qi)業(ye)一(yi)切(qie)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)標(biao)尺(chi),從(cong)進(jin)到(dao)出(chu)整(zheng)個(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)問(wen)題(ti),卻(que)沒(mei)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)人(ren)清(qing)清(qing)楚(chu)楚(chu)的(de)知(zhi)道(dao)和(he)掌(zhang)控(kong),如(ru)同(tong)一(yi)個(ge)黑(hei)箱(xiang),人(ren)們(men)看(kan)不(bu)清(qing)裏(li)麵(mian)發(fa)生(sheng)了(le)什(shen)麼(me),隻(zhi)能(neng)從(cong)結(jie)果(guo)上(shang)判(pan)別(bie)斷(duan)發(fa)生(sheng)過(guo)什(shen)麼(me),這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)許(xu)多(duo)中(zhong)小(xiao)私(si)企(qi)生(sheng)產(chan)管(guan)理(li)的(de)實(shi)際(ji)。
千萬不要認為這樣的企業不掙錢、沒客戶,其實這樣的企業依然在掙錢、在生存,生存得了多久難說,但至少已生存了好幾年,並且也為老板創造了每年幾百萬的利潤。
這是事實,盡管難以理解,特別是在許多管理水平遠遠高過這些私企的國有企業,紛紛倒閉的時候 ,zheyangdeqiyejingranhainengshengcun,erqiehuodebushihencha,dequerangrenfeijie,yexutakaodeshiduiguanlirenyuanheyixianyuangongdelaodonglidewushijianxianzhideshiyong,wentisuiduo,danchulewenti,napabanye,guanlirenyuanyedeqilaijiejuewenti,yuangongzaixinkuyebixubaozhengchuhuo,zhezhongxiaohaozhan、疲勞戰的打法彌補了管理上的不足,也是國企所做不到的,但消耗戰、疲pi勞lao戰zhan盡jin管guan解jie決jue了le企qi業ye不bu少shao突tu然ran發fa生sheng和he發fa現xian的de問wen題ti,彌mi補bu過guo程cheng控kong製zhi不bu力li所suo產chan生sheng的de許xu多duo漏lou洞dong,但dan卻que帶dai來lai了le人ren同tong的de大da量liang流liu失shi和he長chang期qi戰zhan鬥dou力li的de銳rui減jian,直zhi接jie的de結jie果guo就jiu是shi企qi業ye團tuan隊dui不bu穩wen、成本居高不下,表現波動難料,問題的根本出路在於過程控製,在於打開這個黑箱,讓人看清楚裏麵究竟發生了什麼,是怎樣發生的。
其實,包括老板在所有管理人員天天都在企業、車(che)間(jian)泡(pao)著(zhe),一(yi)切(qie)的(de)事(shi)情(qing),都(dou)是(shi)他(ta)們(men)親(qin)手(shou)做(zuo)出(chu)來(lai)的(de),親(qin)眼(yan)看(kan)到(dao)的(de)。那(na)麼(me)又(you)為(wei)什(shen)麼(me)說(shuo)他(ta)們(men)看(kan)不(bu)清(qing)這(zhe)個(ge)黑(hei)箱(xiang)中(zhong)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)事(shi)呢(ne)?這(zhe)個(ge)黑(hei)箱(xiang)究(jiu)竟(jing)指(zhi)什(shen)麼(me),又(you)是(shi)怎(zen)樣(yang)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)呢(ne)?
首shou先xian,我wo們men每mei一yi位wei企qi業ye生sheng產chan者zhe或huo管guan理li者zhe,都dou從cong事shi著zhe某mou一yi個ge部bu門men或huo某mou一yi個ge崗gang位wei的de工gong作zuo,他ta們men親qin眼yan所suo見jian,親qin手shou所suo做zuo的de大da多duo是shi局ju部bu的de細xi節jie的de工gong作zuo,細xi節jie和he局ju部bu就jiu是shi他ta們men的de全quan部bu,而er企qi業ye的de分fen工gong所suo造zao成cheng的de局ju部bu和he細xi節jie是shi整zheng體ti的de分fen解jie,缺que乏fa全quan局ju觀guan念nian是shi他ta們men的de位wei置zhi和he視shi野ye所suo決jue定ding的de,統tong疇chou和he協xie調tiao不bu是shi他ta們men的de職zhi責ze。
其次,對於處在一種統疇、xietiaoweizhishangdereneryan,duixijiedezhenshibawoyoushitamendenandian,yinweitakeyiyouzouyugegechejianhuogegebumen,nengkandaozhengzaifashengdeyiqie,zheyejiushiwomenpingchangsuoshuodezhenshi,huozhejiaoshishi,zheshijuedaduoshuguanlizhesuonengzhidaodezhenshi,erzhezhongzhenshidejiazhiquefeichangdedi。
yinweizhezhongzhenshiyuzuizhongdejieguozhijianyouyigemanchangdeguocheng,zheyimanchangdeguochengshiyouwushugezhezhongzhenshidepianduansuogouchengde,jiurutongyigechanpin,shijingguoyuancailiaodecaigou、驗貨、入庫、發貨,車間的準備、分工、領料、上機、加工、運送、等待、再加工、入ru庫ku等deng許xu多duo個ge環huan節jie所suo構gou成cheng的de,而er這zhe許xu多duo個ge環huan節jie卻que在zai空kong間jian上shang,由you不bu同tong的de人ren,不bu同tong的de部bu門men,在zai不bu同tong的de地di點dian完wan成cheng著zhe,在zai時shi間jian上shang,由you這zhe分fen布bu各ge處chu的de人ren和he物wu推tui進jin著zhe。
我(wo)們(men)看(kan)到(dao)的(de)是(shi)某(mou)一(yi)時(shi)間(jian)段(duan)或(huo)某(mou)一(yi)空(kong)間(jian)內(nei)的(de)真(zhen)實(shi),然(ran)而(er),最(zui)終(zhong)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)卻(que)出(chu)在(zai)這(zhe)無(wu)數(shu)個(ge)真(zhen)實(shi)片(pian)斷(duan)的(de)集(ji)成(cheng)上(shang),片(pian)斷(duan)的(de)真(zhen)實(shi)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)能(neng)看(kan)到(dao)的(de)甚(shen)至(zhi)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)所(suo)做(zuo)的(de),但(dan)這(zhe)種(zhong)真(zhen)實(shi)片(pian)斷(duan)的(de)集(ji)成(cheng)卻(que)不(bu)能(neng)上(shang)眼(yan)看(kan)到(dao)或(huo)一(yi)步(bu)做(zuo)到(dao),它(ta)需(xu)要(yao)我(wo)們(men)對(dui)這(zhe)種(zhong)片(pian)斷(duan)的(de)真(zhen)實(shi)關(guan)係(xi)有(you)準(zhun)確(que)的(de)把(ba)握(wo)和(he)了(le)解(jie),正(zheng)如(ru)同(tong)我(wo)們(men)能(neng)看(kan)到(dao)車(che)間(jian)正(zheng)在(zai)做(zuo)什(shen)麼(me),我(wo)們(men)還(hai)無(wu)法(fa)做(zuo)出(chu)準(zhun)確(que)的(de)判(pan)別(bie)斷(duan),我(wo)們(men)還(hai)必(bi)須(xu)知(zhi)道(dao),它(ta)們(men)要(yao)做(zuo)多(duo)久(jiu),什(shen)麼(me)時(shi)間(jian)可(ke)以(yi)到(dao)達(da)另(ling)一(yi)道(dao)工(gong)序(xu)或(huo)車(che)間(jian),而(er)另(ling)一(yi)道(dao)工(gong)序(xu)或(huo)車(che)間(jian)在(zai)哪(na)個(ge)時(shi)間(jian)又(you)處(chu)在(zai)一(yi)種(zhong)什(shen)麼(me)狀(zhuang)態(tai),也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo),我(wo)們(men)要(yao)了(le)解(jie),現(xian)在(zai)各(ge)個(ge)地(di)方(fang)所(suo)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)一(yi)切(qie),在(zai)今(jin)後(hou)的(de)許(xu)多(duo)時(shi)間(jian)內(nei),將(jiang)會(hui)怎(zen)樣(yang)變(bian)化(hua),我(wo)們(men)才(cai)能(neng)準(zhun)確(que)判(pan)斷(duan)出(chu)結(jie)果(guo)怎(zen)樣(yang),否(fou)則(ze)就(jiu)隻(zhi)能(neng)等(deng)結(jie)果(guo)出(chu)來(lai)了(le)再(zai)說(shuo),最(zui)關(guan)健(jian)的(de),是(shi)要(yao)知(zhi)道(dao)各(ge)道(dao)工(gong)序(xu)、各個崗位、各(ge)個(ge)人(ren)他(ta)們(men)所(suo)做(zuo)的(de)事(shi)情(qing)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)關(guan)係(xi),這(zhe)種(zhong)關(guan)係(xi)自(zi)然(ran)包(bao)括(kuo)先(xian)後(hou)的(de)因(yin)果(guo)的(de)關(guan)係(xi),但(dan)最(zui)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)是(shi),它(ta)們(men)必(bi)須(xu)是(shi)量(liang)化(hua)的(de)。隻(zhi)有(you)數(shu)量(liang)化(hua)的(de)掌(zhang)握(wo)了(le)這(zhe)諸(zhu)多(duo)事(shi)情(qing)的(de)關(guan)係(xi),才(cai)能(neng)得(de)出(chu)一(yi)個(ge)精(jing)確(que)的(de)結(jie)論(lun),否(fou)則(ze)就(jiu)隻(zhi)能(neng)是(shi)大(da)概(gai)或(huo)者(zhe)可(ke)能(neng)。
也就是說,對企業生產產品過程中的各個方麵、各ge個ge環huan節jie以yi及ji這zhe些xie環huan節jie和he方fang方fang麵mian麵mian的de關guan係xi進jin行xing量liang化hua的de把ba握wo,才cai是shi我wo們men所suo真zhen正zheng需xu要yao的de事shi實shi,而er這zhe種zhong事shi實shi,卻que不bu能neng單dan憑ping經jing驗yan得de來lai,單dan憑ping到dao現xian場chang就jiu能neng看kan到dao,單dan靠kao埋mai頭tou苦ku幹gan就jiu能neng幹gan出chu來lai。它ta需xu要yao經jing驗yan的de總zong結jie、分析,需要對許許多多生產數據的搜集、整理、累(lei)積(ji),而(er)這(zhe)對(dui)許(xu)多(duo)中(zhong)小(xiao)私(si)企(qi)而(er)言(yan),卻(que)是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)困(kun)難(nan)的(de)事(shi),因(yin)為(wei)他(ta)們(men)既(ji)沒(mei)有(you)這(zhe)樣(yang)做(zuo)事(shi)的(de)習(xi)慣(guan),又(you)沒(mei)有(you)這(zhe)樣(yang)幹(gan)卅(sa)和(he)有(you)能(neng)力(li)幹(gan)事(shi)好(hao)這(zhe)事(shi)的(de)人(ren),大(da)多(duo)數(shu)老(lao)板(ban)本(ben)身(shen)就(jiu)是(shi)一(yi)些(xie)願(yuan)意(yi)整(zheng)天(tian)跟(gen)人(ren)打(da)交(jiao)道(dao),而(er)不(bu)願(yuan)片(pian)刻(ke)與(yu)數(shu)據(ju)打(da)交(jiao)道(dao)的(de)人(ren)。數(shu)據(ju)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)的(de)落(luo)後(hou)是(shi)這(zhe)些(xie)企(qi)業(ye)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)製(zhi)水(shui)平(ping)低(di)下(xia)的(de)核(he)心(xin)。
這zhe些xie企qi業ye的de老lao板ban以yi及ji他ta所suo帶dai的de人ren都dou是shi一yi些xie充chong滿man了le務wu實shi精jing神shen的de人ren,他ta們men認ren為wei生sheng產chan就jiu是shi把ba產chan品pin做zuo出chu來lai,把ba貨huo交jiao出chu去qu,再zai把ba訂ding單dan爭zheng回hui來lai,再zai生sheng產chan出chu來lai,再zai交jiao出chu去qu,如ru此ci循xun環huan往wang複fu,所suo以yi他ta們men關guan注zhu的de點dian都dou是shi過guo程cheng結jie束shu的de點dian,過guo程cheng是shi這zhe些xie老lao板ban們men不bu太tai關guan注zhu的de,所suo以yi生sheng產chan過guo程cheng的de分fen析xi、研究,生產過程中許多數據的采集、分析、改進等等都不是老板們關注的重點,一句話,做得出來就行,做不出來怎樣分析都沒用。
zheqishishilaobanjingyingdemangdian,zhezhongsuoweidewushijingshenshiqiyeguanlishengjidepingjing,zengjingyoujiaqiyedelaobanzaihuiyiqiyeyiduanshiqidezhunshichuhuolvshi,zixinderenweiyinggaiyou90%以上,但當我們幫他拿出統計數據時,老板愣住了,因為數據顯示隻有50%,相差了40%老板竟然未知,因為他憑感覺,好像客戶對出貨也還是基本滿意,便認為準時出貨率不會很低。
zheyifangmianshiyinweiyewurenyuanheshengchanguanlirenyuanmeiyoujiangzhenshiqingkuangwanquangaosuta,patafahuo,yewurenyuanzijizuolexuduogongzuo,yangailewenti,lingyifangmianyeshiyinweikehuxiguanletamendejiaohuofangshi,jianguaibuguai,buxiangguoduobaoyuan,danjiaoqiyaoqiutebiezhunshihejinjidedingdanyibanjiubuhuixiageizhejiaqiye,suoyi,tadedaodewangwangshijiaoqiyaoqiubugaodekehudingdan,dangranzheyangdekehudingdanwangwanglirunjiujiaodi,bingqiezhezhongkehuwendingxingyebugao。
zongzhi,duinaxieyewudeng,mangerguanlishuipingbugaodeqiye,renyiquyizushuju,jiunengranglaobanxiayitiao,yenengfaxianyixiliedeguanliwenti,shenzhikenengdianfulaobanheguanlizhemendeganjiaohepanduan。
隻有人和事,而沒有數據,這是中小私企的病根,他們認為管理就是管人、管guan事shi,所suo以yi,他ta們men眼yan睛jing裏li,頭tou腦nao中zhong隻zhi有you活huo生sheng生sheng的de人ren和he事shi,而er看kan不bu到dao這zhe些xie人ren和he事shi背bei後hou的de數shu,其qi實shi恰qia恰qia是shi這zhe個ge數shu才cai反fan映ying了le事shi物wu之zhi間jian的de本ben質zhi聯lian係xi和he發fa展zhan變bian化hua的de規gui律lv,人ren和he事shi是shi表biao像xiang,它ta很hen容rong易yi引yin起qi人ren們men的de關guan注zhu,它ta因yin為wei生sheng動dong和he豐feng富fu多duo樣yang,極ji易yi影ying響xiang人ren的de感gan覺jiao,數shu是shi事shi物wu之zhi間jian的de本ben質zhi關guan係xi。
yinweichouxiangerburongyibeirenganzhi,yinweilixingerburongyichengweirenmenxingfendejiaodian,danqueshizhegeshijieshang,bisuoyoufengfuduocaidebiaoxianggengbenzhidedongxi,zhiyouzhangwota,cainenghuodeziyou,cainengjiayunisuolaiyishengchanhuoshenghuodeshiwu,rendanchunpingjingyanshinanyicongbiaoxiangjinrubenzhide,changshijiandeganshouheganjiaobingbunengshirenderenshizhidashiwubeihoudeshu,zhengrutongzhengtianshangloutiderenbuyidingzhidaoloutidejieshuyiyang,taxuyaozaixideguancha,youxiehaixuyaochangqidesoujiyijishenrudefenxicainengzhaodaocunzaiyushiwubeihoudeguilv,cainengqudewomenjihua、統疇時所需要的數據。
從cong某mou種zhong意yi義yi上shang說shuo,管guan理li的de對dui象xiang應ying該gai是shi各ge種zhong各ge樣yang的de數shu據ju。因yin為wei企qi業ye用yong得de最zui多duo的de管guan理li工gong具ju是shi人ren的de大da腦nao,而er我wo們men大da腦nao這zhe個ge工gong具ju加jia工gong的de對dui象xiang就jiu是shi各ge種zhong各ge樣yang的de資zi訊xun、信息,而管理水平不高的企業內這些資訊、信息,呂量的都是以經驗、感覺、印象等等形式而存在,其特征是概括、生動,但模糊、不精確、不確定,當這些模糊、不精確的材料經過我們大腦的加工後,生成的判斷、jielunziranyeshimohuhebuquedingde,suoyixuduoqiyeguanlizhongdebuquedingxingjiushenzangzaidanaozhezhongguanligongjujiagongdecailiaodetexingzhong,zhiyougaibianzhexieshurudanaodecailiao,rangtamenjuyoushujuhuade、精確的、可度量的特征,經過處理品後輸出的才有可能是精確的、可衡量的。當然在這樣的情況下,對於加工的“工具”就提出了更高的要求。
3、企業管理“工具”存在的問題
rushangsuoshu,qiyeyongdezuiduodeguanligongjushirendedanao。dangwomenjiangguanlideduixianglijiechengrenhewushi,xuduorendedanaoshigouyongde,qiyeneibudaliangdechuantongxingrencai,baokuolaobanbenren,daduoshixiejijuyouchikunailaodejingshen,youyongyouchaochuyibanrendezhihuideren,jinjinrangtamenquyurenhewudajiaodao,tamenhuihaobuxunse,tamendezhihuihepinzhishizhichitamendecongshiduirenhewudeguanli,danyushujudajiaodao,tamenbianyunluchuleneizaidebuzu。
當(dang)我(wo)們(men)將(jiang)管(guan)理(li)的(de)對(dui)象(xiang),理(li)解(jie)成(cheng)數(shu)據(ju),將(jiang)大(da)腦(nao)這(zhe)種(zhong)工(gong)具(ju)加(jia)工(gong)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)理(li)解(jie)成(cheng)數(shu)據(ju)時(shi),我(wo)們(men)的(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)型(xing)人(ren)才(cai),包(bao)括(kuo)許(xu)多(duo)老(lao)板(ban)本(ben)身(shen)都(dou)變(bian)得(de)不(bu)再(zai)是(shi)合(he)格(ge)的(de)管(guan)理(li)者(zhe)了(le),一(yi)個(ge)人(ren)擁(yong)有(you)勤(qin)勞(lao)的(de)品(pin)性(xing)也(ye)罷(ba),擁(yong)有(you)超(chao)過(guo)常(chang)人(ren)的(de)智(zhi)慧(hui)也(ye)罷(ba),這(zhe)些(xie)都(dou)不(bu)能(neng)自(zi)然(ran)而(er)然(ran)的(de)提(ti)升(sheng)他(ta)們(men)與(yu)數(shu)據(ju)打(da)產(chan)道(dao)的(de)能(neng)力(li),因(yin)為(wei)對(dui)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)敏(min)感(gan)和(he)興(xing)趣(qu)與(yu)個(ge)人(ren)所(suo)受(shou)的(de)教(jiao)育(yu)以(yi)及(ji)他(ta)的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)結(jie)構(gou)有(you)關(guan)。
數據是理性的、kuzaode,meiyouyidingdeligongkedejiaoyubeijing,meiyoushuihuitianrandeaishangzhexiekuzaofaweidedongxi,tongshi,jieshoumouzhongshujuchulinengliyeshibixuyaoyizhishizuoweijichude,tashichangqixunliandejieguo,zhehuoxucaishiqiyeweishenmedaoleyidingjieduan,jiubixuyaoyinrudaliangdezhuanyerencai,taotaidiaodabufenchuantongrencaidezhenzhengyuanyin。
並bing不bu是shi因yin為wei專zhuan業ye人ren才cai的de智zhi慧hui在zai傳chuan統tong人ren才cai之zhi上shang,有you些xie傳chuan統tong人ren才cai其qi實shi是shi非fei常chang聰cong明ming的de,也ye並bing不bu是shi專zhuan業ye人ren才cai管guan人ren管guan物wu的de能neng力li在zai傳chuan統tong人ren才cai之zhi上shang,有you些xie專zhuan業ye人ren才cai,比bi如ru許xu多duo畢bi業ye不bu久jiu的de大da學xue生sheng,根gen本ben就jiu不bu具ju備bei多duo少shao管guan人ren管guan物wu的de能neng力li和he經jing驗yan,也ye不bu完wan全quan是shi因yin為wei專zhuan業ye人ren才cai擁yong有you的de知zhi識shi超chao過guo傳chuan統tong人ren才cai,許xu多duo專zhuan業ye人ren才cai所suo學xue的de大da學xue知zhi識shi在zai企qi業ye都dou用yong不bu了le多duo少shao,而er是shi因yin為wei專zhuan業ye人ren才cai經jing過guo多duo年nian的de專zhuan業ye訓xun練lian,練lian就jiu了le對dui數shu據ju的de敏min感gan和he興xing趣qu,以yi及ji搜sou索suo、分析、處理數據的能力,他們喜歡,同時也擅長於用數據說話。
相xiang對dui而er言yan,缺que乏fa一yi定ding的de專zhuan業ye訓xun練lian的de傳chuan統tong型xing人ren才cai及ji老lao板ban本ben人ren,都dou天tian然ran的de喜xi歡huan許xu多duo感gan性xing的de生sheng動dong和he東dong西xi,他ta們men擅shan於yu與yu活huo生sheng生sheng的de人ren和he現xian實shi的de物wu打da交jiao道dao,他ta們men的de大da腦nao是shi感gan性xing的de,思si考kao是shi形xing象xiang的de,這zhe是shi兩liang種zhong思si維wei方fang式shi和he大da腦nao結jie構gou的de區qu別bie,是shi不bu可ke能neng在zai短duan時shi間jian內nei通tong過guo學xue習xi所suo彌mi補bu的de,是shi多duo年nian的de行xing事shi習xi慣guan。
所(suo)以(yi),盡(jin)管(guan)那(na)些(xie)專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)才(cai)不(bu)具(ju)備(bei)管(guan)人(ren)管(guan)事(shi)的(de)能(neng)力(li),但(dan)依(yi)然(ran)要(yao)引(yin)進(jin)他(ta)們(men),因(yin)為(wei)經(jing)驗(yan)和(he)能(neng)力(li),可(ke)以(yi)隨(sui)著(zhe)進(jin)入(ru)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)得(de)到(dao)提(ti)高(gao),但(dan)反(fan)過(guo)來(lai),讓(rang)已(yi)經(jing)成(cheng)型(xing)和(he)成(cheng)熟(shu)了(le)的(de)人(ren),去(qu)養(yang)成(cheng)另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)思(si)維(wei)的(de)習(xi)慣(guan),由(you)感(gan)性(xing)變(bian)為(wei)理(li)性(xing),由(you)形(xing)象(xiang)變(bian)為(wei)抽(chou)象(xiang),則(ze)要(yao)困(kun)難(nan)得(de)多(duo),並(bing)且(qie)對(dui)於(yu)大(da)多(duo)數(shu)人(ren)而(er)言(yan),這(zhe)其(qi)實(shi)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)實(shi)現(xian)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)。
隻(zhi)有(you)把(ba)現(xian)代(dai)管(guan)理(li)的(de)本(ben)質(zhi)定(ding)位(wei)在(zai)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)管(guan)理(li)上(shang),各(ge)種(zhong)專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)才(cai)的(de)引(yin)入(ru)才(cai)有(you)了(le)真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu),否(fou)則(ze)為(wei)引(yin)入(ru)大(da)學(xue)生(sheng)而(er)引(yin)入(ru)大(da)學(xue)生(sheng),許(xu)多(duo)企(qi)業(ye)都(dou)遭(zao)遇(yu)了(le)失(shi)敗(bai),因(yin)為(wei)他(ta)們(men)往(wang)往(wang)發(fa)現(xian),這(zhe)些(xie)大(da)學(xue)生(sheng)並(bing)不(bu)比(bi)許(xu)多(duo)傳(chuan)統(tong)人(ren)才(cai)更(geng)有(you)用(yong),人(ren)不(bu)見(jian)得(de)更(geng)聰(cong)明(ming),經(jing)驗(yan)也(ye)不(bu)夠(gou),知(zhi)識(shi)又(you)用(yong)不(bu)上(shang),論(lun)勤(qin)備(bei)卻(que)比(bi)許(xu)多(duo)傳(chuan)統(tong)人(ren)才(cai)差(cha)很(hen)多(duo),完(wan)全(quan)看(kan)不(bu)出(chu)引(yin)入(ru)他(ta)們(men)的(de)價(jia)值(zhi)。
於(yu)是(shi)老(lao)板(ban)們(men)感(gan)到(dao)灰(hui)心(xin),感(gan)到(dao)大(da)學(xue)教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)失(shi)敗(bai),感(gan)到(dao)人(ren)才(cai)的(de)缺(que)乏(fa),隻(zhi)好(hao)又(you)用(yong)回(hui)傳(chuan)統(tong)人(ren)才(cai),然(ran)而(er)時(shi)間(jian)一(yi)久(jiu),又(you)會(hui)生(sheng)出(chu)對(dui)傳(chuan)統(tong)人(ren)才(cai)的(de)不(bu)滿(man),因(yin)為(wei)老(lao)板(ban)們(men)很(hen)清(qing)楚(chu),不(bu)論(lun)國(guo)內(nei)、國guo外wai的de企qi業ye,真zhen正zheng做zuo大da了le的de,肯ken定ding都dou是shi許xu多duo受shou過guo良liang好hao教jiao育yu的de人ren在zai企qi業ye杠gang大da累lei,當dang然ran,並bing不bu是shi說shuo,傳chuan統tong人ren才cai在zai這zhe樣yang的de企qi業ye裏li完wan全quan沒mei有you一yi席xi之zhi地di,而er是shi從cong主zhu體ti來lai說shuo,無wu論lun技ji術shu和he管guan理li,專zhuan業ye人ren才cai都dou占zhan到dao了le很hen高gao的de比bi例li,他ta知zhi道dao,靠kao目mu前qian的de這zhe幫bang人ren,是shi沒mei有you辦ban法fa幫bang他ta把ba企qi業ye做zuo大da的de,於yu是shi又you想xiang到dao了le換huan人ren,然ran而er又you會hui失shi敗bai,於yu是shi周zhou而er複fu始shi,走zou馬ma燈deng遊you戲xi不bu斷duan的de玩wan了le下xia去qu,他ta們men很hen難nan理li解jie的de問wen題ti出chu在zai哪na裏li?
4、問題出在哪裏呢?
問(wen)題(ti)在(zai)於(yu)專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)才(cai)的(de)引(yin)入(ru),不(bu)僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)補(bu)充(chong)幾(ji)個(ge)人(ren)才(cai)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)事(shi),而(er)是(shi)意(yi)味(wei)著(zhe)企(qi)業(ye)管(guan)理(li)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)變(bian)革(ge),意(yi)味(wei)著(zhe)企(qi)業(ye)應(ying)該(gai)從(cong)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)情(qing)感(gan)管(guan)理(li)走(zou)向(xiang)數(shu)據(ju)管(guan)理(li),將(jiang)管(guan)理(li)的(de)對(dui)象(xiang)由(you)對(dui)人(ren)和(he)物(wu)的(de)控(kong)製(zhi),上(shang)升(sheng)到(dao)對(dui)各(ge)種(zhong)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)控(kong)製(zhi),當(dang)然(ran)不(bu)是(shi)完(wan)全(quan)放(fang)棄(qi)對(dui)人(ren)和(he)物(wu)的(de)控(kong)製(zhi),但(dan)這(zhe)是(shi)基(ji)層(ceng)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)所(suo)做(zuo)的(de)事(shi)。
越yue往wang高gao層ceng,越yue靠kao對dui數shu據ju的de控kong製zhi,而er不bu是shi對dui現xian場chang的de控kong製zhi來lai實shi現xian管guan理li的de目mu標biao,但dan沒mei有you幾ji個ge老lao板ban意yi識shi到dao這zhe一yi點dian,他ta們men認ren為wei水shui就jiu是shi招zhao幾ji個ge受shou過guo大da學xue教jiao育yu的de人ren嗎ma?不bu就jiu是shi用yong一yi用yong這zhe些xie有you良liang好hao教jiao育yu背bei景jing的de人ren的de知zhi識shi和he智zhi慧hui嗎ma?
當dang老lao板ban們men這zhe樣yang理li解jie這zhe件jian事shi時shi,失shi敗bai就jiu注zhu定ding要yao出chu現xian,因yin為wei這zhe些xie受shou過guo良liang好hao教jiao育yu的de人ren,根gen本ben就jiu沒mei有you一yi個ge好hao的de平ping台tai讓rang他ta去qu發fa揮hui,也ye根gen本ben就jiu沒mei有you許xu多duo需xu要yao受shou過guo良liang好hao教jiao育yu的de人ren能neng解jie決jue的de問wen題ti,等deng著zhe他ta們men去qu解jie決jue,他ta們men所suo從cong事shi的de完wan全quan是shi傳chuan統tong人ren才cai原yuan來lai所suo從cong事shi的de工gong作zuo,做zuo事shi的de程cheng序xu和he內nei容rong也ye與yu傳chuan統tong人ren才cai差cha不bu多duo,而er在zai這zhe樣yang的de平ping台tai上shang,他ta們men不bu見jian得de比bi傳chuan統tong人ren才cai幹gan得de更geng好hao,於yu是shi要yao麼me他ta們men眼yan睜zheng睜zheng的de看kan到dao自zi己ji的de無wu奈nai和he無wu能neng,要yao麼me嚐chang試shi著zhe進jin行xing改gai革ge,做zuo一yi些xie與yu他ta們men的de教jiao育yu背bei景jing有you一yi定ding關guan聯lian的de事shi,如ru進jin行xing一yi些xie流liu程cheng的de發fa言yan權quan造zao,或huo進jin行xing一yi些xie數shu據ju的de搜sou索suo和he分fen析xi,嚐chang試shi著zhe用yong數shu據ju來lai說shuo話hua,來lai分fen析xi企qi業ye運yun作zuo過guo程cheng中zhong的de一yi些xie問wen題ti,來lai進jin行xing生sheng產chan的de安an排pai等deng等deng,但dan收shou效xiao不bu大da。
因(yin)為(wei)老(lao)板(ban)並(bing)不(bu)知(zhi)道(dao)這(zhe)些(xie)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)價(jia)值(zhi),老(lao)板(ban)隻(zhi)看(kan)人(ren)和(he)事(shi)管(guan)到(dao)了(le)沒(mei)有(you),產(chan)品(pin)有(you)沒(mei)有(you)準(zhun)時(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)出(chu)來(lai),任(ren)務(wu)有(you)沒(mei)有(you)準(zhun)時(shi)完(wan)成(cheng),至(zhi)於(yu)這(zhe)些(xie)人(ren)通(tong)過(guo)什(shen)麼(me)途(tu)徑(jing)來(lai)達(da)到(dao)這(zhe)個(ge)目(mu)的(de),他(ta)是(shi)不(bu)太(tai)關(guan)心(xin)的(de),而(er)這(zhe)些(xie)人(ren)所(suo)做(zuo)的(de)事(shi)也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)立(li)竿(gan)見(jian)影(ying)就(jiu)有(you)顯(xian)著(zhu)效(xiao)果(guo)的(de),於(yu)是(shi),大(da)多(duo)數(shu)想(xiang)做(zuo)改(gai)革(ge),想(xiang)做(zuo)得(de)不(bu)一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)地(di)積(ji)給(gei)老(lao)板(ban)留(liu)下(xia)了(le)一(yi)些(xie)點(dian)子(zi)很(hen)多(duo),腦(nao)袋(dai)很(hen)活(huo),但(dan)不(bu)務(wu)實(shi)的(de)印(yin)象(xiang)而(er)最(zui)終(zhong)離(li)了(le)企(qi)業(ye),這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)老(lao)板(ban)與(yu)專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)才(cai)共(gong)同(tong)的(de)悲(bei)劇(ju)。
所(suo)以(yi),不(bu)對(dui)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)管(guan)理(li)模(mo)式(shi)進(jin)行(xing)徹(che)底(di)的(de)改(gai)造(zao),不(bu)將(jiang)數(shu)據(ju)化(hua)的(de)管(guan)理(li)做(zuo)為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)全(quan)方(fang)位(wei)的(de)一(yi)項(xiang)任(ren)務(wu),一(yi)個(ge)目(mu)標(biao)去(qu)達(da)成(cheng),專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)才(cai)是(shi)無(wu)法(fa)導(dao)入(ru)的(de),進(jin)入(ru)了(le)企(qi)業(ye)也(ye)站(zhan)不(bu)住(zhu)腳(jiao)。
其實,不僅僅對專業人才的引入是如此,許多管理工具的引入同樣存在這樣的問題。
如MRP(企業物料需求計劃軟件)、ERP(企業資源計劃軟件)的de引yin入ru都dou同tong樣yang麵mian臨lin這zhe樣yang的de局ju麵mian,這zhe些xie在zai國guo外wai許xu多duo企qi業ye都dou證zheng明ming行xing之zhi有you效xiao的de管guan理li工gong具ju,在zai國guo內nei企qi業ye的de成cheng功gong率lv很hen低di,就jiu說shuo明ming了le這zhe些xie工gong具ju導dao入ru有you一yi個ge土tu壤rang的de問wen題ti,這zhe土tu壤rang是shi什shen麼me呢ne?有you的de人ren把ba他ta抽chou象xiang化hua的de稱cheng之zhi為wei管guan理li平ping台tai,這zhe等deng於yu什shen麼me也ye沒mei說shuo,其qi實shi它ta就jiu是shi一yi個ge數shu據ju化hua管guan理li的de問wen題ti。
當一個企業整個的生產過程、guanliguocheng,meiyouduoshaoshujuchansheng,yemeiyouduoshaoshujuzaichuanshu,yemeiyouduoshaoshujuyaochuli,yiqiedoukaorendexianchangguanli,doukaorenduirenhuoduiwudeguanlilaishixianshi,tajiugenbenmeiyouchanshengduishangshuruanjiandexuqiu。
隻有當企業本身有了大量的數據要處理,當企業大量的資訊、信息都是以數據的方式而存在,軟件的引入就是自然而然的事,因為人腦的處理速度、容量等都無法勝任這種大數量的處理工作,隻有依賴於軟件係統和電腦來完成這個任務。
所(suo)以(yi),信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)運(yun)作(zuo)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)化(hua),或(huo)者(zhe)說(shuo)企(qi)業(ye)必(bi)須(xu)的(de)情(qing)感(gan)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)改(gai)造(zao)成(cheng)數(shu)據(ju)化(hua)管(guan)理(li),不(bu)管(guan)企(qi)業(ye)目(mu)前(qian)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)如(ru)何(he),有(you)了(le)這(zhe)種(zhong)明(ming)確(que)的(de)方(fang)向(xiang)和(he)需(xu)求(qiu),軟(ruan)件(jian)的(de)導(dao)入(ru)才(cai)能(neng)成(cheng)功(gong),因(yin)為(wei)軟(ruan)件(jian)隻(zhi)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)工(gong)具(ju),是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)處(chu)理(li)各(ge)種(zhong)數(shu)據(ju)、生成各種數據的工具,企業沒有大量的數據等待處理,或者不需要用數據來形成工作指令,為上軟件而上軟件,是注定要失敗的。
管理軟件的導入意味著管理模式的變革,意味著憑經驗、憑感情、憑感覺來進行的管理將讓位於憑數據來進行管理,人們互相溝通、交jiao流liu的de內nei容rong將jiang由you大da量liang的de數shu據ju構gou成cheng,人ren們men思si維wei的de元yuan素su也ye將jiang以yi數shu據ju為wei主zhu,關guan注zhu的de焦jiao點dian也ye將jiang是shi各ge種zhong數shu據ju化hua了le的de指zhi標biao,而er不bu僅jin僅jin是shi現xian場chang,當dang然ran不bu是shi說shuo感gan性xing的de管guan理li,對dui人ren和he物wu的de現xian場chang控kong製zhi就jiu需xu要yao了le,而er是shi在zai整zheng個ge管guan理li內nei容rong的de構gou成cheng上shang,數shu據ju化hua的de內nei容rong將jiang占zhan到dao較jiao高gao的de比bi例li,而er情qing感gan管guan理li則ze處chu在zai一yi種zhong輔fu助zhu的de位wei置zhi上shang,人ren對dui人ren和he物wu的de現xian場chang控kong製zhi成cheng為wei了le許xu多duo數shu據ju的de來lai源yuan,同tong時shi也ye是shi實shi現xian各ge種zhong數shu據ju化hua指zhi令ling的de途tu徑jing。這zhe裏li並bing不bu是shi說shuo現xian在zai的de許xu多duo中zhong小xiao私si企qi就jiu沒mei有you一yi點dian數shu據ju管guan理li的de意yi識shi,隻zhi是shi就jiu數shu據ju的de精jing確que度du以yi及ji所suo涉she及ji的de範fan圍wei而er言yan,許xu多duo中zhong小xiao私si企qi的de管guan理li應ying該gai脫tuo離li數shu據ju化hua管guan理li還hai有you很hen長chang的de距ju離li。
沒有意識到需要進行這種管理模式變革的企業,引入管理軟件後失敗,是正常不過的事。
因為人們的習慣、人的觀念、做事的方式還沒有改造過來以前,軟件是難以運行好的,因為既沒有工具加工需要的材料――數據,又沒有喜歡使用這種工具的人,工具再好也不能自己使用自己,自己發揮自己的價值,當然要失敗。
有(you)的(de)管(guan)理(li)軟(ruan)件(jian)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)在(zai)上(shang)軟(ruan)件(jian)之(zhi)前(qian),也(ye)為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)作(zuo)一(yi)些(xie)流(liu)程(cheng)改(gai)造(zao)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo),也(ye)教(jiao)企(qi)業(ye)怎(zen)樣(yang)搜(sou)集(ji)數(shu)據(ju),但(dan)起(qi)到(dao)效(xiao)果(guo)並(bing)不(bu)明(ming)顯(xian),因(yin)為(wei)他(ta)們(men)沒(mei)有(you)著(zhe)眼(yan)於(yu)對(dui)人(ren)的(de)改(gai)造(zao),管(guan)理(li)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)改(gai)變(bian)一(yi)定(ding)是(shi)人(ren)的(de)改(gai)變(bian),或(huo)者(zhe)同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)人(ren)發(fa)生(sheng)了(le)變(bian)化(hua),或(huo)者(zhe)換(huan)了(le)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)人(ren),除(chu)此(ci)以(yi)外(wai),別(bie)無(wu)他(ta)法(fa)。
yaoxiangrenbubian,ergaibianguanlimoshi,zheshigenbenbukenengde,meiyouyigeguanliruanjiangongyingshanghuijiangzijidingweizaigaizaoqiyederenzhegecengmianshang,tamenrenweinabushitamendeshi,yedequebushitamendeshi,nashishuideshine?buguanshishuideshi,doushibixuyaozuo,erqiebixuxianzuodeshi。
當一個老板準備在管理軟件上投資10萬(wan)或(huo)幾(ji)十(shi)萬(wan)時(shi),應(ying)該(gai)對(dui)與(yu)這(zhe)種(zhong)投(tou)資(zi)相(xiang)配(pei)套(tao)的(de)管(guan)理(li)團(tuan)隊(dui)的(de)改(gai)造(zao)的(de)投(tou)資(zi)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)預(yu)算(suan),並(bing)且(qie)先(xian)期(qi)進(jin)行(xing),這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)成(cheng)功(gong)率(lv)將(jiang)會(hui)高(gao)很(hen)多(duo)。遺(yi)憾(han)的(de)是(shi)很(hen)少(shao)有(you)人(ren)這(zhe)樣(yang)去(qu)想(xiang)和(he)做(zuo),因(yin)為(wei)他(ta)們(men)太(tai)將(jiang)管(guan)理(li)軟(ruan)件(jian)做(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)件(jian)工(gong)具(ju)來(lai)對(dui)待(dai)了(le),太(tai)把(ba)目(mu)光(guang)放(fang)在(zai)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)、高科技等概念上了,而忘了數據化這個簡單的前提,忘了數據化管理這種管理模式的轉變。
bujinguanliruanjiandedaorucunzaizheyangdewenti,jixiaokaohezuoweiyizhongyouxiaodeguanligongjuzaiguoneixuduozhongxiaosiqideshibai,zaicizhengminglezhezhongwentidepubianxing,jixiaokaoheshiduigeleiguanlirenyuanjinxinggexiangzhibiaodewanchengqingkuangdekaohe,zhelidezhibiaoshiyishujudexingshiercunzaide,bingqiejuedaduoshudoushigenjuyixieshengchanguochengzhongzhijiechanshengdeshujutuisuanchulaide,ruguomeiyoubanfaqudezhexieyuanshishujuhuozheshujubuzhenshi,zuizhongdejieguoyeshimeiyouhanyide,yaomezenmenuliyedabuchengzhibiao,yaomeqingqingsongsongjiudachenglezhibiao,zhedoushiqulekaohedebenyi。
ISO9000質量管理體係在許多中小私企沒有產生應有的效果也與企業的數據化管理有關,ISO9000認ren證zheng在zai許xu多duo的de企qi業ye成cheng為wei了le一yi種zhong擺bai設she,企qi業ye的de行xing為wei與yu程cheng序xu文wen件jian的de內nei容rong完wan全quan是shi兩liang碼ma事shi,文wen件jian根gen本ben就jiu不bu指zhi導dao企qi業ye的de行xing為wei,而er是shi拿na到dao認ren證zheng以yi後hou,就jiu鎖suo在zai櫃gui子zi裏li,無wu人ren去qu管guan,有you的de企qi業ye甚shen至zhi花hua錢qian請qing人ren寫xie文wen件jian、搞認證、假簽名,不一而足,目的就是為了拿證。
為什麼ISO9000認證並沒有能給企業帶來大的改觀呢?
因為ISO9000認證本身隻是針對企業的運作流程和職責進行的一些固化、規定、wanshan,bingmeinengchujidaoqiyeguanlideshencengcigenjishang,meinengzhenduiqiyeyunzuodeshujuhuachengduheshujuhuaguanlitigongjiejuefangan,meinengconggenbenshanggaibianqiyeqingganguanlidemoshi,zaiqiyeqingganguanlidemoshixia,ISO9000中許多行之有效的規定都成了一派空文,因為情感的、感(gan)性(xing)東(dong)西(xi)左(zuo)右(you)了(le)一(yi)切(qie),就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)什(shen)麼(me)不(bu)可(ke)以(yi)更(geng)改(gai)的(de),就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)什(shen)麼(me)能(neng)夠(gou)被(bei)規(gui)定(ding)的(de),隻(zhi)有(you)當(dang)企(qi)業(ye)管(guan)理(li)中(zhong)去(qu)掉(diao)了(le)許(xu)多(duo)生(sheng)動(dong)活(huo)潑(po)的(de)感(gan)性(xing)因(yin)素(su),而(er)補(bu)充(chong)許(xu)多(duo)冷(leng)冰(bing)冰(bing)的(de),但(dan)卻(que)客(ke)觀(guan)真(zhen)實(shi)、充滿理性的數據時,管理中的穩定性才能產生,對管理行為的理性約束才能產生,ISO9000認證也才有了真正實現的價值、發揮作用的土壤。
所以,不論是管理軟件這樣的管理工具,還是績效考核,或者ISO9000質(zhi)量(liang)體(ti)係(xi)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)具(ju),它(ta)們(men)都(dou)需(xu)要(yao)企(qi)業(ye)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)數(shu)據(ju)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)的(de)土(tu)壤(rang),隻(zhi)有(you)在(zai)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)上(shang),這(zhe)們(men)才(cai)能(neng)發(fa)揮(hui)作(zuo)用(yong)。當(dang)然(ran)它(ta)們(men)的(de)實(shi)施(shi)本(ben)身(shen)也(ye)是(shi)能(neng)帶(dai)動(dong)企(qi)業(ye)數(shu)據(ju)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)提(ti)升(sheng),但(dan)完(wan)全(quan)依(yi)靠(kao)“樹木”來改良“土壤”是困難的,而必須完成了對“土壤”的改良,才有可能栽上各種“樹木”。
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