01
采購人員應明確的任務
一、采購人員直接影響科學飲食管理者
采(cai)購(gou)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)腳(jiao)踏(ta)實(shi)地(di)到(dao)采(cai)購(gou)市(shi)場(chang)中(zhong),不(bu)能(neng)一(yi)味(wei)地(di)按(an)固(gu)定(ding)訂(ding)單(dan)數(shu)量(liang)買(mai)入(ru),或(huo)者(zhe)機(ji)械(xie)性(xing)地(di)重(zhong)複(fu)進(jin)行(xing)劃(hua)線(xian)或(huo)圈(quan)地(di)麵(mian)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)。適(shi)時(shi)驗(yan)收(shou)要(yao)盡(jin)快(kuai)跳(tiao)出(chu)品(pin)種(zhong)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)框(kuang)架(jia),提(ti)前(qian)及(ji)時(shi)了(le)解(jie)新(xin)蔬(shu)菜(cai)品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)實(shi)際(ji)供(gong)應(ying)市(shi)場(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)、價格、jianyanxiangguanbiaozhun,jishijiangpinzhongxinxijinxingfankui,fasonggeichufangguanlizhe。xingchengpinzhongyanshoubaogaowenzi,bianyuchufangyinshiguanlizhexiezhulingdaojinxingjuece,yekeyibianyuxiezhuchufangguanlituichuxinxiandepinzhong。
二、招標不是一招就靈
企(qi)業(ye)進(jin)行(xing)招(zhao)標(biao)采(cai)購(gou)的(de)時(shi)候(hou),每(mei)季(ji)必(bi)做(zuo)的(de)事(shi)情(qing)就(jiu)是(shi)招(zhao)標(biao)。采(cai)用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)招(zhao)標(biao)采(cai)購(gou)方(fang)式(shi)進(jin)行(xing)采(cai)購(gou),招(zhao)標(biao)的(de)這(zhe)種(zhong)新(xin)型(xing)采(cai)購(gou)方(fang)式(shi)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)式(shi)必(bi)然(ran)要(yao)求(qiu)客(ke)觀(guan)、公平、透tou明ming,很hen多duo管guan理li者zhe總zong是shi錯cuo誤wu認ren為wei通tong過guo招zhao標biao可ke以yi有you效xiao率lv地di引yin入ru企qi業ye市shi場chang競jing爭zheng,降jiang低di企qi業ye采cai購gou管guan理li成cheng本ben。但dan有you時shi候hou這zhe種zhong可ke能neng不bu是shi一yi招zhao就jiu靈ling,需xu注zhu意yi的de是shi杜du絕jue各ge類lei型xing的de假jia性xing競jing價jia違wei約yue違wei規gui競jing標biao、惡意競價競標。
要想招標的時候招到正品而且價格品質都很高的貨物,主要可以從以下幾個方麵進行:
(一)采購管理人員當日可現場進行拍照,將當日采購樣品現場情況拍照,作為今後樣品供貨時的樣品驗收合格依據。
(二)采(cai)購(gou)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)可(ke)線(xian)下(xia)到(dao)食(shi)材(cai)市(shi)場(chang)中(zhong),了(le)解(jie)透(tou)徹(che)並(bing)且(qie)掌(zhang)握(wo)食(shi)材(cai)產(chan)地(di)品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)詳(xiang)細(xi)分(fen)類(lei)采(cai)購(gou)方(fang)法(fa),細(xi)分(fen)采(cai)購(gou)方(fang)法(fa)及(ji)食(shi)材(cai)產(chan)地(di)今(jin)後(hou)供(gong)貨(huo)相(xiang)關(guan)信(xin)息(xi)。要(yao)充(chong)分(fen)依(yi)靠(kao)自(zi)己(ji)實(shi)地(di)考(kao)察(cha)市(shi)場(chang)情(qing)況(kuang),通(tong)過(guo)當(dang)地(di)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)采(cai)購(gou)實(shi)踐(jian)獲(huo)得(de)知(zhi)識(shi),來(lai)不(bu)斷(duan)豐(feng)富(fu)自(zi)己(ji)並(bing)且(qie)強(qiang)化(hua)采(cai)購(gou)管(guan)理(li)技(ji)能(neng),達(da)到(dao)食(shi)品(pin)采(cai)購(gou)成(cheng)本(ben)可(ke)以(yi)被(bei)有(you)效(xiao)合(he)理(li)控(kong)製(zhi)的(de)采(cai)購(gou)目(mu)的(de)。
(三)加jia強qiang同tong各ge工gong作zuo崗gang位wei的de烹peng飪ren橫heng向xiang聯lian係xi。在zai烹peng飪ren的de各ge工gong作zuo環huan節jie,適shi時shi進jin行xing工gong作zuo情qing況kuang反fan饋kui,反fan饋kui給gei單dan位wei采cai購gou管guan理li人ren員yuan,不bu能neng隻zhi是shi查zha看kan一yi個ge訂ding單dan,要yao時shi常chang地di將jiang好hao的de新xin品pin原yuan料liao運yun送song到dao管guan理li廚chu房fang中zhong心xin,這zhe樣yang一yi來lai,可ke以yi更geng好hao了le解jie食shi品pin的de特te性xing。隻zhi有you在zai不bu斷duan地di進jin行xing橫heng向xiang溝gou通tong交jiao流liu中zhong,才cai能neng及ji時shi得de知zhi客ke戶hu采cai購gou不bu同tong品pin種zhong的de真zhen實shi情qing況kuang。
(四)較高的配合能力。根據所有原材料的品類、產地、性質,對所有初加工原料崗位技術人員定期進行專業培訓技術指導,以做到確保所有原料在加工摘理、開生、分(fen)檔(dang)中(zhong)有(you)效(xiao)提(ti)高(gao)原(yuan)料(liao)出(chu)貨(huo)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv),盡(jin)力(li)做(zuo)到(dao)保(bao)證(zheng)原(yuan)料(liao)可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)食(shi)性(xing)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)原(yuan)料(liao)流(liu)轉(zhuan)涉(she)及(ji)到(dao)切(qie)料(liao)和(he)配(pei)料(liao)等(deng)環(huan)節(jie)。根(gen)據(ju)不(bu)同(tong)原(yuan)料(liao)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)特(te)點(dian)及(ji)產(chan)品(pin)性(xing)質(zhi)來(lai)配(pei)合(he)各(ge)崗(gang)位(wei)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)。
(五)nenggouyupanshichang。shipinjiagongyuanliaoguojishichangdechanpindaduoanzhaoziranshengchangdeguilv。nongmindeshuichanyangzhiheshucaizhongzhiyedoushimeinianfenbieaizhelianggedanianhexiaonian,jijinnianmouyigepinzhongzaiguojishichangshangbisuogongyingdechanpinjiagegao,mingniandajiadoushizaigenfengshang,zhegepinhehaodezhong(這個品種?)反fan而er在zai來lai年nian產chan品pin價jia格ge上shang會hui走zou的de很hen低di。某mou個ge新xin品pin種zhong今jin年nian市shi場chang供gong應ying的de總zong體ti情qing況kuang不bu好hao,來lai年nian反fan而er這zhe個ge新xin的de品pin種zhong供gong應ying緊jin情qing。這zhe就jiu必bi然ran要yao求qiu我wo們men市shi場chang采cai購gou工gong作zuo人ren員yuan一yi定ding要yao認ren真zhen做zuo好hao每mei日ri采cai購gou工gong作zuo量liang的de日ri記ji,畫hua好hao每mei個ge采cai購gou品pin種zhong的de市shi場chang價jia格ge變bian動dong曲qu線xian走zou勢shi圖tu。
重(zhong)點(dian)是(shi)要(yao)留(liu)意(yi)那(na)些(xie)價(jia)格(ge)之(zhi)間(jian)反(fan)差(cha)太(tai)大(da)的(de)各(ge)類(lei)品(pin)種(zhong),過(guo)高(gao)或(huo)者(zhe)價(jia)格(ge)過(guo)低(di),這(zhe)就(jiu)要(yao)為(wei)來(lai)年(nian)的(de)市(shi)場(chang)采(cai)購(gou)計(ji)劃(hua)活(huo)動(dong)打(da)好(hao)一(yi)個(ge)提(ti)前(qian)準(zhun)備(bei)量(liang)。同(tong)時(shi),還(hai)要(yao)不(bu)時(shi)地(di)仔(zai)細(xi)觀(guan)察(cha)一(yi)下(xia)金(jin)融(rong)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)變(bian)化(hua)。市(shi)場(chang)雖(sui)說(shuo)是(shi)波(bo)動(dong)的(de),但(dan)是(shi),農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)市(shi)場(chang)同(tong)其(qi)他(ta)市(shi)場(chang)不(bu)同(tong),它(ta)有(you)著(zhe)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)規(gui)律(lv),多(duo)觀(guan)察(cha),細(xi)分(fen)析(xi),常(chang)記(ji)錄(lu),就(jiu)能(neng)找(zhao)到(dao)規(gui)律(lv)。
02
食品材料采購的目標
不(bu)論(lun)餐(can)館(guan)的(de)規(gui)模(mo)如(ru)何(he),其(qi)所(suo)隸(li)屬(shu)的(de)某(mou)些(xie)人(ren)或(huo)某(mou)個(ge)人(ren)一(yi)定(ding)會(hui)行(xing)使(shi)某(mou)些(xie)采(cai)購(gou)行(xing)為(wei),有(you)的(de)是(shi)由(you)業(ye)主(zhu)自(zi)行(xing)負(fu)責(ze)采(cai)購(gou),有(you)的(de)是(shi)有(you)指(zhi)定(ding)的(de)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)或(huo)業(ye)務(wu)人(ren)員(yuan)負(fu)責(ze)。雖(sui)然(ran)如(ru)此(ci),采(cai)購(gou)所(suo)欲(yu)達(da)成(cheng)的(de)目(mu)標(biao)卻(que)是(shi)大(da)致(zhi)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de),歸(gui)納(na)起(qi)來(lai)可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)為(wei)下(xia)列(lie)四(si)項(xiang):
一、找到質量合格的原材料
zhidingcanyinshipinjiagongyuanliaodeguojicaigouchengpinguigeyijibiaozhun,zheshimuqianbaozhengshipinyuanliaozhiliangdeyouxiaobaozhangcuoshi。caigouyuanliaoguigebiaodebiaozhunzhuyaoshigenjurouleicanguandeteshujingyingxuyao,duisuotigongcaigoudegezhongrouleiyuanliaochanpinzuochuxiangxijutidejiageguiding,rugezhongyuanliaodeshengchandidengyaoqiu,zairuqiegejiaoduqingkuang,seze,feishoupinghengqingkuang,lengdongbaocunzhuangtaidengdengdoushiyoubiaozhunde。
建jian立li新xin的de采cai購gou信xin息xi標biao準zhun係xi統tong能neng夠gou有you效xiao幫bang助zhu中zhong國guo采cai購gou專zhuan業ye人ren員yuan在zai眾zhong多duo同tong類lei貨huo品pin中zhong挑tiao選xuan出chu合he適shi的de一yi種zhong。除chu了le使shi用yong文wen字zi進jin行xing敘xu述shu之zhi外wai,必bi要yao時shi也ye或huo許xu可ke以yi用yong人ren物wu圖tu片pian或huo風feng景jing照zhao片pian進jin行xing說shuo明ming。采cai購gou質zhi量liang標biao準zhun本ben身shen應ying該gai更geng多duo地di用yong於yu強qiang調tiao產chan品pin原yuan材cai料liao的de生sheng產chan質zhi量liang,而er不bu僅jin僅jin是shi原yuan材cai料liao的de價jia格ge。
二、確定合理的采購數量
采購時確定合理的購買數量是非常必要的。而目前影響我國采購菜品數量的影響因素主要分為有以下幾種:一是我國菜品的實際銷售數量情況;二是我國廠庫的菜品儲藏量和容量的是否大小;三是我國財務狀況的是否好壞;四是我國采購菜品距離的長短遠近分配情況;五是我國食品加工原料的內在利用特點;六是我國食品加工原料總量消耗的增長速度水平是否穩定。進而根據影響食品的原材料的這些因素,確定采購數量的方法。
三、找到采購價格合理的原材料
通(tong)過(guo)各(ge)種(zhong)供(gong)求(qiu)關(guan)係(xi)雙(shuang)方(fang)的(de)協(xie)商(shang),競(jing)價(jia),討(tao)價(jia)還(hai)價(jia)等(deng)技(ji)術(shu)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)用(yong)來(lai)初(chu)步(bu)確(que)定(ding)各(ge)種(zhong)食(shi)品(pin)加(jia)工(gong)原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)實(shi)際(ji)采(cai)購(gou)產(chan)品(pin)價(jia)格(ge),在(zai)需(xu)要(yao)兼(jian)顧(gu)保(bao)證(zheng)原(yuan)料(liao)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)同(tong)時(shi),若(ruo)我(wo)們(men)想(xiang)要(yao)同(tong)時(shi)得(de)到(dao)最(zui)優(you)惠(hui)的(de)采(cai)購(gou)價(jia)格(ge),一(yi)般(ban)來(lai)說(shuo),采(cai)購(gou)原(yuan)料(liao)價(jia)格(ge)的(de)標(biao)準(zhun)製(zhi)定(ding)技(ji)術(shu)方(fang)法(fa)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)以(yi)下(xia)幾(ji)種(zhong):
(一)采購人員定價法
有(you)采(cai)購(gou)人(ren)員(yuan)根(gen)據(ju)市(shi)場(chang)情(qing)況(kuang),與(yu)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)協(xie)商(shang)進(jin)而(er)確(que)定(ding)雙(shuang)方(fang)可(ke)接(jie)受(shou)的(de)價(jia)格(ge),然(ran)後(hou)根(gen)據(ju)進(jin)貨(huo)發(fa)票(piao)到(dao)會(hui)計(ji)處(chu)報(bao)賬(zhang),由(you)此(ci)完(wan)成(cheng)原(yuan)料(liao)采(cai)購(gou),形(xing)成(cheng)進(jin)價(jia)成(cheng)本(ben)。
(二)貨源報價製定製定價格
這種方法是由價格管理人員根據原料種類、市場周期、同期的曆史價格等資料,定期從供應商或市場上取得原料的最高、最低和正常價格,各種原料在保證規格和質量的基礎上,其采購價格以平均價格為準,上下浮動甚微。
(三)集體競價定價
建立企業采購進價管理製度,然後集體討論,再與供應商進價,最後集體定價。其步驟大致是: 首shou先xian確que定ding原yuan料liao物wu品pin定ding假jia期qi,其qi次ci聯lian係xi供gong應ying商shang準zhun備bei樣yang品pin和he報bao價jia,采cai購gou原yuan料liao進jin行xing集ji體ti定ding價jia,集ji體ti定ding價jia後hou,由you采cai購gou部bu製zhi定ding原yuan料liao采cai購gou規gui格ge和he價jia格ge表biao; 最後規定采購價格責任。
(四)找到合格的供貨商
供(gong)貨(huo)商(shang)如(ru)果(guo)沒(mei)有(you)選(xuan)擇(ze)好(hao),那(na)麼(me)就(jiu)會(hui)對(dui)原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)價(jia)格(ge)問(wen)題(ti),甚(shen)至(zhi)是(shi)售(shou)後(hou)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)能(neng)否(fou)提(ti)供(gong)都(dou)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)很(hen)大(da)影(ying)響(xiang),因(yin)此(ci)我(wo)們(men)選(xuan)擇(ze)建(jian)材(cai)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)必(bi)須(xu)慎(shen)重(zhong)。對(dui)各(ge)個(ge)供(gong)貨(huo)商(shang)的(de)具(ju)體(ti)選(xuan)擇(ze)主(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括(kuo)考(kao)慮(lv)各(ge)個(ge)供(gong)貨(huo)商(shang)的(de)經(jing)營(ying)管(guan)理(li)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)配(pei)備(bei)情(qing)況(kuang)、供貨代理單位的基本地理中心位置、財務的基本穩定性以及供貨經營的總體規模、供貨代理單位全體職工的基本專業技能、合理的供貨價格以及各個供貨代理單位的市場姿態和誠信原則等。
03
食品原材料采購方式的選擇
不bu同tong的de餐can飲yin原yuan材cai料liao進jin行xing采cai購gou的de操cao作zuo方fang法fa也ye可ke能neng會hui因yin此ci有you所suo謂wei的de不bu同tong。采cai購gou某mou種zhong食shi品pin儲chu存cun原yuan料liao時shi也ye需xu要yao特te別bie注zhu意yi某mou一yi種zhong原yuan材cai料liao的de產chan品pin實shi際ji成cheng本ben和he某mou一yi廠chang商shang產chan品pin價jia目mu表biao上shang的de食shi品pin價jia格ge成cheng本ben有you何he直zhi接jie相xiang關guan的de一yi個ge地di方fang,當dang某mou種zhong食shi品pin原yuan料liao大da量liang公gong開kai采cai購gou時shi,勢shi必bi會hui在zai食shi品pin倉cang庫ku中zhong持chi續xu儲chu存cun,因yin而er也ye就jiu會hui容rong易yi產chan生sheng食shi品pin儲chu存cun時shi的de費fei用yong,因yin此ci此ci類lei的de儲chu存cun貨huo品pin必bi須xu以yi特te殊shu或huo較jiao優you惠hui的de食shi品pin價jia格ge大da量liang購gou進jin,否fou則ze就jiu難nan以yi有you效xiao維wei持chi食shi品pin儲chu藏zang時shi的de成cheng本ben。
一般來說,食品加工原材料的市場采購管理方式主要分為以下幾種采購方式:
一是:與生產供應商直接簽訂采購合約,按簽訂合約進行采購,合約進一步可以分為兩種: yizhongheyueshidingqicaigouheyue,gumingsiyi,zhezhongdingqiheyuezhuyaoshizaihetongxieyitiaokuanguidingdeqijiannei,youshengchanchangshangyihetongxieyideyuedingjiagejinxinggonghuo。lingwaijiushishipindinglianggongyingheyue,zaigonghuoxieyizhongsuoguidingdegonghuoshijiannei,youshipingonghuoshangyingdangyijushuangfangyidingdegonghuojiagedinglianggongyingyidingchengdushuliangdedangjishipinjiagongyuanliao,zhezhongheyueshiyongyuyiranhuoshoudangjitianqiqihoutiaojianbianhuayingxiang,jiagerongyifashengbodongdedangjishipinjiagongyuanliao,rudangjishuiguohexinxianshucai。
二是:定ding期qi采cai購gou訂ding貨huo一yi次ci采cai購gou,每mei次ci餐can館guan采cai購gou後hou的de訂ding貨huo均jun以yi每mei月yue的de最zui大da禮li拜bai或huo者zhe可ke以yi說shuo是shi半ban個ge月yue大da禮li拜bai的de一yi月yue左zuo右you為wei期qi,至zhi於yu具ju體ti每mei次ci采cai購gou訂ding貨huo時shi間jian的de是shi否fou持chi續xu性xing和he長chang短duan。則ze根gen據ju公gong司si實shi際ji采cai購gou具ju體ti情qing況kuang而er來lai決jue定ding,這zhe幾ji種zhong食shi品pin采cai購gou管guan理li方fang法fa通tong常chang也ye都dou指zhi的de是shi用yong通tong過guo書shu或huo電dian話hua式shi的de方fang式shi直zhi接jie要yao求qiu各ge類lei食shi品pin采cai購gou供gong應ying商shang對dui其qi進jin行xing具ju體ti報bao價jia,而er每mei家jia餐can館guan所suo要yao求qiu其qi申shen報bao的de各ge類lei食shi品pin采cai購gou價jia格ge則ze以yi如ru何he保bao證zheng采cai購gou食shi品pin中zhong所suo有you原yuan材cai料liao的de安an全quan和he高gao質zhi量liang以yi及ji每mei次ci餐can館guan采cai購gou的de各ge類lei食shi品pin不bu同tong數shu量liang的de為wei主zhu要yao采cai購gou標biao準zhun。
三是:付(fu)現(xian)及(ji)自(zi)行(xing)處(chu)理(li)采(cai)購(gou)運(yun)貨(huo)分(fen)為(wei)兩(liang)種(zhong)不(bu)同(tong)形(xing)式(shi)的(de)生(sheng)鮮(xian)食(shi)品(pin)餐(can)飲(yin)采(cai)購(gou)。供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)樂(le)於(yu)用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)采(cai)購(gou)方(fang)式(shi)進(jin)行(xing)采(cai)購(gou),因(yin)為(wei)這(zhe)樣(yang)采(cai)購(gou)會(hui)為(wei)他(ta)們(men)自(zi)己(ji)采(cai)購(gou)產(chan)品(pin)省(sheng)去(qu)了(le)不(bu)少(shao)的(de)麻(ma)煩(fan),因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)他(ta)們(men)采(cai)購(gou)時(shi)的(de)價(jia)格(ge)上(shang)會(hui)對(dui)比(bi)其(qi)他(ta)打(da)些(xie)微(wei)的(de)折(zhe)扣(kou)。
四是:先xian采cai購gou完wan成cheng交jiao貨huo付fu款kuan後hou進jin行xing確que認ren完wan成cheng交jiao貨huo的de一yi種zhong新xin型xing采cai購gou食shi品pin交jiao易yi方fang法fa形xing式shi。這zhe種zhong新xin的de采cai購gou交jiao易yi方fang法fa主zhu要yao目mu的de還hai是shi為wei了le適shi用yong於yu大da量liang進jin行xing冷leng凍dong的de新xin鮮xian帶dai殼ke對dui蝦xia和he采cai購gou數shu量liang非fei常chang大da塊kuai的de新xin鮮xian冷leng凍dong牛niu排pai其qi中zhong的de采cai購gou交jiao易yi目mu的de主zhu要yao還hai是shi在zai於yu能neng夠gou有you效xiao確que保bao某mou種zhong關guan鍵jian的de新xin鮮xian食shi品pin或huo者zhe原yuan材cai料liao在zai特te定ding的de一yi段duan時shi期qi內nei基ji本ben上shang都dou不bu會hui發fa生sheng出chu現xian大da量liang缺que貨huo。
五是:全quan程cheng響xiang應ying供gong貨huo的de食shi品pin采cai購gou的de主zhu要yao方fang式shi。這zhe種zhong采cai購gou方fang式shi一yi般ban要yao求qiu公gong司si采cai購gou的de所suo有you同tong類lei食shi品pin的de原yuan材cai料liao都dou由you另ling外wai一yi家jia食shi品pin供gong應ying商shang公gong司si承cheng擔dan全quan程cheng供gong應ying,但dan是shi僅jin有you少shao數shu的de大da型xing食shi品pin供gong應ying商shang公gong司si能neng夠gou同tong時shi提ti供gong此ci種zhong采cai購gou服fu務wu。
xiandaizhongguoqiyezhongzaijingyingkongzhiguanlizhong,caigouyuelaiyuezhongyao,yuancailiaodeshijicaigouchenggongyufou,dadachengduyingxianglezhengdaoyigeqiyedehexinjingzhengli。suoyizaiqiyerichanghuaguanlizhong,yaozuohaocaigougongzuo,youqishishipinyuanliaofangmian,gengshizhongzhongzhizhong。
手機版






