3
、細胞質

細胞膜包著的黏稠透明的物質，叫做細胞質（Cytoplasm）。在zai細xi胞bao質zhi中zhong還hai可ke看kan到dao一yi些xie帶dai折zhe光guang性xing的de顆ke粒li，這zhe些xie顆ke粒li多duo數shu具ju有you一yi定ding的de結jie構gou和he功gong能neng，類lei似si生sheng物wu體ti的de各ge種zhong器qi官guan
，因yin此ci叫jiao做zuo細xi胞bao器qi。例li如ru
，在zai綠lv色se植zhi物wu的de葉ye肉rou細xi胞bao中zhong，能neng看kan到dao許xu多duo綠lv色se的de顆ke粒li，這zhe就jiu是shi一yi種zhong細xi胞bao器qi

，叫jiao做zuo葉ye綠lv體ti。綠lv色se植zhi物wu的de光guang合he作zuo用yong就jiu是shi在zai葉ye綠lv體ti中zhong進jin行xing的de。在zai細xi胞bao質zhi中zhong，往wang往wang還hai能neng看kan到dao一yi個ge或huo幾ji個ge液ye泡pao
，其qi中zhong充chong滿man著zhe液ye體ti，叫jiao做zuo細xi胞bao液ye。在zai成cheng熟shu的de植zhi物wu細xi胞bao中zhong，液ye泡pao合he並bing為wei一yi個ge中zhong央yang大da液ye泡pao
，其qi體ti積ji占zhan去qu整zheng個ge細xi胞bao的de大da半ban。細xi胞bao質zhi被bei擠ji壓ya為wei一yi層ceng。細xi胞bao膜mo以yi及ji液ye泡pao膜mo和he兩liang層ceng膜mo之zhi間jian的de細xi胞bao質zhi稱cheng為wei原yuan生sheng質zhi層ceng。

植zhi物wu細xi胞bao的de原yuan生sheng質zhi層ceng相xiang當dang於yu一yi層ceng半ban透tou膜mo。當dang細xi胞bao液ye濃nong度du小xiao於yu外wai界jie濃nong度du時shi，細xi胞bao液ye中zhong的de水shui分fen就jiu透tou過guo原yuan生sheng質zhi層ceng進jin入ru外wai界jie溶rong液ye中zhong，使shi細xi胞bao壁bi和he原yuan生sheng質zhi層ceng都dou出chu現xian一yi定ding程cheng度du的de收shou縮suo。由you於yu原yuan生sheng質zhi層ceng比bi細xi胞bao壁bi的de伸shen縮suo性xing大da，當dang細xi胞bao不bu斷duan失shi水shui時shi，原yuan生sheng質zhi層ceng與yu細xi胞bao壁bi分fen離li，也ye就jiu是shi發fa生sheng了le質zhi壁bi分fen離li。當dang細xi胞bao液ye濃nong度du大da於yu外wai界jie溶rong液ye濃nong度du時shi，外wai界jie溶rong液ye中zhong的de水shui分fen透tou過guo原yuan生sheng質zhi層ceng進jin入ru細xi胞bao液ye中zhong使shi原yuan生sheng質zhi層ceng複fu原yuan
，逐zhu漸jian發fa生sheng質zhi壁bi分fen離li的de複fu原yuan。

xibaozhibushininggujingzhide，ershihuanhuandiyundongzhede。zaizhijuyouyigezhongyangyepaodexibaonei
，xibaozhiwangwangweiraoyepaoxunhuanliudong，zheyangbiancujinlexibaoneiwuzhidezhuanyun，yejiaqianglexibaoqizhijiandexianghulianxi。xibaozhiyundongshiyizhongxiaohaonengliangdeshengmingxianxiang。xibaodeshengminghuodongyuewangsheng，xibaozhiliudongyuekuai
，fanzhi，zeyueman。xibaosiwanghou，qixibaozhideliudongyejiutingzhile。

細胞骨架是指真核細胞中蛋白纖維的網絡結構，由位於細胞質中的微絲、weiguanhezhongjianxianweigoucheng。weisiquedingxibaobiaomiantezheng，shixibaonenggouyundongheshousuo。weiguanquedingmoxingxibaoqideweizhihezuoweimopaoyunshudeguidao。zhongjianxianweishixibaojuyouzhanglihekangjianqieli。

細胞骨架不僅在維持細胞形態
、承受外力
、保持細胞內部結構有序性方麵起重要作用，而且還參與許多重要的生命活動，如：在細胞分裂中細胞骨架牽引染色體分離；在細胞物質運輸中，各類小泡和細胞器可沿著細胞骨架定向運轉。

細胞骨架在20世紀60年代後期才被發現。主要因為早期電鏡製樣采用低溫（0-4℃）固定，而細胞骨架會在低溫下解聚。直到采用戊二醛常溫固定，人們才逐漸認識到細胞骨架的客觀存在。