細胞係和細胞株是細胞生物學中常用的兩個概念，它們在研究細胞的生理、生化、遺傳和分子生物學等方麵起到了重要的作用。盡管兩者相似
，但實際上有明顯的區別。

我們先來看看細胞係（cell line）的(de)定(ding)義(yi)。細(xi)胞(bao)係(xi)是(shi)指(zhi)從(cong)原(yuan)始(shi)組(zu)織(zhi)或(huo)細(xi)胞(bao)中(zhong)通(tong)過(guo)培(pei)養(yang)和(he)傳(chuan)代(dai)培(pei)養(yang)等(deng)方(fang)法(fa)獲(huo)得(de)的(de)由(you)同(tong)一(yi)種(zhong)細(xi)胞(bao)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)細(xi)胞(bao)群(qun)體(ti)。簡(jian)單(dan)來(lai)說(shuo)，細(xi)胞(bao)係(xi)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)將(jiang)原(yuan)始(shi)細(xi)胞(bao)進(jin)行(xing)一(yi)係(xi)列(lie)培(pei)養(yang)和(he)傳(chuan)代(dai)培(pei)養(yang)過(guo)程(cheng)，使(shi)其(qi)能(neng)夠(gou)持(chi)續(xu)增(zeng)殖(zhi)並(bing)具(ju)有(you)某(mou)些(xie)特(te)定(ding)的(de)性(xing)質(zhi)或(huo)表(biao)達(da)某(mou)些(xie)特(te)定(ding)的(de)基(ji)因(yin)。

與細胞係相對應的是細胞株（cell strain）。細胞株是指從細胞係中分離出的一部分細胞，這些細胞具有類似的性狀、表(biao)型(xing)和(he)功(gong)能(neng)。細(xi)胞(bao)株(zhu)是(shi)從(cong)細(xi)胞(bao)係(xi)中(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)並(bing)進(jin)行(xing)亞(ya)分(fen)化(hua)培(pei)養(yang)，得(de)到(dao)一(yi)組(zu)同(tong)質(zhi)性(xing)強(qiang)的(de)細(xi)胞(bao)，它(ta)們(men)可(ke)以(yi)被(bei)連(lian)續(xu)地(di)傳(chuan)代(dai)而(er)不(bu)會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)太(tai)大(da)的(de)基(ji)因(yin)突(tu)變(bian)或(huo)表(biao)型(xing)變(bian)化(hua)。

1.起源

xibaoxishicongyuanshizuzhihuoxibaozhonghuodede。yibanqingkuangxia
，congrenhuodongwutineizuzhiguaquhuofenlixibao
，jingguopeiyanghechuandaipeiyangguocheng，shengchengdexibaoquntijiweixibaoxi。erxibaozhuzeshicongxibaoxizhongfenlichulaidetedingxibaoqunti。tongguoxuanzehefenli，congxibaoxizhongdedaojuyoutedingxingzhuanghegongnengdexibaozhu。

2.傳代

xibaoxikeyilianxuchuandaipeiyang，jicongyigedaijipeiyangdaoxiayigedaiji
，tongguotigongshidangdepeiyangtiaojian，xibaohuijixuzengzhi。xibaoxidechuandaicishutongchangjiaogao，yincixibaoxinenggouchangqibaochizengzhinengli。erxibaozhuzeshicongxibaoxizhongxuanzechulaideyibufenxibao，jingguoyafenhuapeiyangdedaode。xibaozhudechuandaicishuxiangduijiaodi，tongchangzaixibaoxizhongjingguoyidingdeshaixuanhoudedao，yincizaijidaipeiyangzhongxuyaozhuyibaochiqitexinghegongnengdewendingxing。

3.穩定性

由(you)於(yu)細(xi)胞(bao)係(xi)經(jing)過(guo)培(pei)養(yang)和(he)傳(chuan)代(dai)過(guo)程(cheng)，可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)基(ji)因(yin)突(tu)變(bian)或(huo)表(biao)型(xing)變(bian)化(hua)，導(dao)致(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)係(xi)內(nei)的(de)細(xi)胞(bao)具(ju)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)變(bian)異(yi)和(he)異(yi)質(zhi)性(xing)。細(xi)胞(bao)株(zhu)則(ze)相(xiang)對(dui)具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)
，其(qi)細(xi)胞(bao)在(zai)傳(chuan)代(dai)培(pei)養(yang)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)能(neng)夠(gou)保(bao)持(chi)較(jiao)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)性(xing)狀(zhuang)和(he)功(gong)能(neng)。

4.遺傳特征

youyuxibaoxijingguochuandaipeiyangdeguochengzhongkenenghuifashengjiyintubian，yincixibaoxizhongdexibaojuyouyidingdeyichuanbianyi。zhexiebianyikenengdaozhibutongxibaojianzaijiyinbiaoda

、蛋白質合成和細胞功能方麵存在差異。細胞株由於經過選擇和分離，具有較高的同質性，細胞株內的細胞在遺傳特征上較為相似。

在細胞生物學研究中，細胞係和細胞株的應用十分廣泛。細胞係可以用於探索細胞的功能
、生理學和生化學特性
，以及各種細胞和分子生物學實驗；而細胞株則可以用於產生大量的同質細胞用於實驗需求，並且在一定程度上具有較穩定的性狀和功能。

下xia麵mian通tong過guo實shi驗yan案an例li來lai進jin一yi步bu說shuo明ming細xi胞bao係xi和he細xi胞bao株zhu的de應ying用yong。比bi如ru，研yan究jiu人ren類lei乳ru腺xian癌ai的de細xi胞bao生sheng物wu學xue機ji製zhi時shi
，科ke研yan人ren員yuan可ke以yi建jian立li一yi個ge從cong乳ru腺xian癌ai患huan者zhe中zhong獲huo得de的de細xi胞bao係xi，培pei養yang和he傳chuan代dai培pei養yang這zhe些xie細xi胞bao係xi以yi獲huo得de足zu夠gou數shu量liang的de細xi胞bao。然ran後hou，科ke研yan人ren員yuan可ke以yi從cong這zhe些xie細xi胞bao係xi中zhong選xuan擇ze並bing分fen離li出chu表biao達da某mou個ge特te定ding基ji因yin的de細xi胞bao株zhu
，以yi進jin一yi步bu研yan究jiu該gai基ji因yin對dui乳ru腺xian癌ai發fa展zhan的de影ying響xiang。

總之
，細胞係和細胞株雖然相似，但它們在起源、wendingxingheyichuantezhengdengfangmiancunzaimingxiandechayi。zaixibaoshengwuxueyanjiuzhong

，xibaoxihexibaozhubanyanzhebutongdejiaose，bingqiezaishiyanshejiheketiyanjiuzhongyouzheguangfandeyingyong。lejiexibaoxihexibaozhudegainianhequbie，duiyukexueyanjiuheshiyanshejishifeichangzhongyaode，youzhuyutigaoshiyandezhunquexinghekezhongfuxing。