1)吸收光譜
dangyishulianxuguangtongguotoumingjiezhishi，ruguoguangbonenglianghejiezhizhongcongjitaidaojifataidenengliangjiangexiangdeng，jiezhizhongdezhuangtaijiangyoujitaibeijifadaojifatai，touguotoumingjiezhideguangjiangyinzheyangdexishouerguangqiangjianruo。youyujifataibutong，tamendexishounengliangbuyiyang，zheyangzaijilutouguotoumingjiezhihoudeguangqiangshijiuxingchengleguangqiangsuizhebochangbianhuadepuxian，jixishouguangpu。xishouguangpukeyigeichucailiaojizhihejihuolizidejifatainengjideweizhihetamendefenbuqingkuang。

2)熒光光譜
一yi束shu特te定ding波bo長chang的de單dan色se光guang將jiang激ji活huo離li子zi從cong基ji態tai激ji發fa到dao某mou一yi個ge激ji發fa態tai能neng級ji，從cong這zhe個ge激ji發fa態tai向xiang低di於yu它ta的de各ge個ge能neng級ji躍yue遷qian發fa光guang
，可ke以yi得de到dao它ta到dao下xia麵mian各ge個ge能neng級ji以yi及ji下xia麵mian各ge能neng級ji到dao更geng低di能neng級ji的de發fa光guang譜pu圖tu
，即ji熒ying光guang光guang譜pu。材cai料liao所suo發fa熒ying光guang經jing單dan色se儀yi分fen光guang後hou，由you探tan測ce器qi收shou集ji並bing記ji錄lu下xia各ge個ge波bo長chang的de發fa光guang強qiang度du，它ta能neng夠gou反fan映ying這zhe個ge能neng級ji到dao下xia麵mian各ge個ge能neng級ji的de躍yue遷qian概gai率lv、yingguangqiangduyijiyingguangfenzhibidengxinxi，tigonggaicailiaodezuijiafashebochang。tongshi，keyiqiudexiamiangegenengjideweizhi，baokuoxitulizidenengjizaijingchangzhongdepilieqingkuangdeng。

3)激發光譜
監jian控kong一yi個ge特te殊shu的de熒ying光guang發fa射she波bo長chang，改gai變bian激ji發fa波bo長chang
，得de到dao一yi個ge在zai不bu同tong波bo長chang激ji發fa下xia的de熒ying光guang強qiang度du變bian化hua圖tu，即ji激ji發fa光guang譜pu。激ji發fa光guang譜pu可ke以yi提ti供gong熒ying光guang能neng級ji以yi上shang各ge個ge能neng級ji的de位wei置zhi，反fan映ying出chu各ge個ge能neng級ji向xiang熒ying光guang能neng級ji的de能neng量liang傳chuan遞di能neng力li
，找zhao出chu該gai熒ying光guang獲huo得de最zui高gao效xiao率lv的de最zui佳jia發fa射she波bo長chang。

4)選擇激發光譜(稀土離子)
在zai複fu雜za晶jing體ti中zhong，通tong常chang有you幾ji個ge稀xi土tu離li子zi可ke以yi取qu代dai的de陽yang離li子zi格ge位wei，稀xi土tu離li子zi的de發fa光guang變bian得de複fu雜za並bing且qie難nan以yi分fen析xi。激ji光guang器qi出chu現xian以yi後hou，利li用yong激ji光guang功gong率lv高gao
、單(dan)色(se)性(xing)好(hao)的(de)特(te)點(dian)，發(fa)展(zhan)起(qi)來(lai)一(yi)種(zhong)新(xin)的(de)光(guang)譜(pu)測(ce)量(liang)方(fang)法(fa)，稱(cheng)為(wei)選(xuan)擇(ze)激(ji)發(fa)光(guang)譜(pu)。一(yi)般(ban)同(tong)一(yi)種(zhong)稀(xi)土(tu)離(li)子(zi)摻(chan)雜(za)到(dao)同(tong)一(yi)晶(jing)體(ti)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)格(ge)位(wei)時(shi)，不(bu)同(tong)格(ge)位(wei)稀(xi)土(tu)離(li)子(zi)的(de)能(neng)級(ji)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)微(wei)小(xiao)差(cha)別(bie)，可(ke)以(yi)利(li)用(yong)可(ke)調(tiao)諧(xie)激(ji)光(guang)器(qi)，調(tiao)到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)合(he)適(shi)的(de)激(ji)發(fa)波(bo)長(chang)使(shi)某(mou)個(ge)格(ge)位(wei)的(de)離(li)子(zi)被(bei)激(ji)發(fa)，另(ling)一(yi)些(xie)離(li)子(zi)暫(zan)不(bu)激(ji)發(fa)，得(de)到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)格(ge)位(wei)的(de)光(guang)譜(pu)後(hou)再(zai)按(an)照(zhao)同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)更(geng)換(huan)到(dao)其(qi)他(ta)格(ge)位(wei)。這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)複(fu)雜(za)光(guang)譜(pu)將(jiang)被(bei)各(ge)個(ge)格(ge)位(wei)的(de)光(guang)譜(pu)解(jie)析(xi)。