水稻地膜覆蓋栽培,簡稱“覆膜種稻”。shizhishuidaozhibohuoyumiaoyizaizaiyoudimofugaidehantianhuoshirundaotianshang,ranhouzaifeiyanshuitiaojianxiashixinghanguanhuoshirunguanlideyizhongshuidaofugaizaipei。tabujinnengxushuibaoshang,youxiaodijieshui,erqiekeyibaochihetigaodiwen,fangyudiwenlenghai,cujinshuidaozaofakuaichang,yanchangyingyangshengchangqi,tongshihainengfangzhishuituliushi,jianshaoturangyangfensunshi。ribenzengzai60年代做過覆膜稻方麵的試驗。我國的覆膜種稻始於70年代後期,當時,黑龍江、遼寧、吉林等省將旱作物地膜覆蓋技術移植到水稻上,結合水稻旱種技術,開展地膜覆蓋直播種稻試驗,後來逐步由東北稻區擴大到河北、河南、陝西、山西等華北稻區,覆膜種稻的方式也從直播、旱種發展到旱育旱栽、旱(han)育(yu)濕(shi)栽(zai)。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai),隨(sui)著(zhe)我(wo)國(guo)北(bei)方(fang)持(chi)續(xu)幹(gan)旱(han)與(yu)南(nan)方(fang)季(ji)節(jie)性(xing)缺(que)水(shui)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)日(ri)趨(qu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)和(he)作(zuo)物(wu)地(di)膜(mo)覆(fu)蓋(gai)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)發(fa)展(zhan),以(yi)及(ji)水(shui)稻(dao)旱(han)育(yu)秧(yang)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong),覆(fu)膜(mo)種(zhong)稻(dao)再(zai)度(du)興(xing)起(qi),並(bing)由(you)東(dong)北(bei)、華北的半濕潤―半幹旱稻作區擴延到西北幹旱-半幹早稻作區和南方丘陵山區濕潤稻作區,地域與範圍不斷擴大,方式亦愈來愈多,特別是安徽省定遠縣農民 wangguangpingzaiqiugangwangtiantianshangjinxingdeshuidaohanyuyangjiafumochaoxizhihanzaishiyanhehubeishenglichuanshizailengjintianlideshuidaodimofugaihanyushizaishiyan,zaikejijieyudaonongzhongyingxiangjiaoda。danshi,zainanfangpingyuandaoqudedanjiwandaojilianzuowandao,yindangdidangshideqiwengao,yishangmiao,yingshenzhongcaiyongdimofugaizaipei。
1996年開始研究覆膜種稻,1998年起在全國3個不同稻作生態區(西北幹旱-半幹旱、東北半幹旱-半濕潤、南方丘陵山區濕潤稻作區)開(kai)展(zhan)水(shui)稻(dao)全(quan)程(cheng)地(di)膜(mo)節(jie)水(shui)栽(zai)培(pei)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)研(yan)究(jiu)。初(chu)步(bu)研(yan)究(jiu)結(jie)果(guo)表(biao)明(ming),水(shui)稻(dao)全(quan)程(cheng)覆(fu)膜(mo)栽(zai)培(pei)具(ju)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)節(jie)水(shui)增(zeng)產(chan)效(xiao)果(guo),與(yu)普(pu)通(tong)灌(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)稻(dao)比(bi),可(ke)節(jie)省(sheng)灌(guan)溉(gai)用(yong)水(shui)35%~67%;與不覆膜的水稻旱種相比,增產幅度在18%~63%。不同地區的增產效果是幹旱-半幹旱區>半幹旱-半濕潤區>濕潤區,同時還具有明顯的保溫增溫、減輕雜草和病蟲害、防止土壤衝刷、保bao持chi土tu壤rang疏shu鬆song及ji保bao肥fei供gong肥fei等deng綜zong合he效xiao果guo,經jing濟ji效xiao益yi顯xian著zhu。覆fu膜mo種zhong稻dao,可ke望wang為wei我wo國guo幹gan旱han缺que水shui地di區qu進jin一yi步bu發fa展zhan水shui稻dao生sheng產chan提ti供gong一yi條tiao新xin的de技ji術shu途tu徑jing。
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