玉yu米mi絲si黑hei穗sui病bing俗su稱cheng烏wu米mi或huo啞ya玉yu米mi,在zai我wo國guo北bei方fang春chun玉yu米mi區qu發fa病bing較jiao重zhong。感gan病bing幼you苗miao,在zai第di四si葉ye和he第di五wu葉ye上shang沿yan中zhong脈mai出chu現xian圓yuan形xing或huo長chang方fang形xing的de褪tui綠lv斑ban點dian,直zhi徑jing1~2毫米。成株期在雌穗和雄穗顯現典型症狀,感病雄穗花序變黑、花器變形,穎片變長呈葉片狀,後期菌癭破裂散落黑粉;ganbingcisuibijiansuiduan,xiabupengdadingbujiaojian,houqizhenggecisuibianweiyituanheihesefenmo,zhongjianjiazaheisesizhuangwu。youshibaoyebianxiaxiao,cushengjixing。siheisuibingjunshiyouhouyuanbaoziqinranyinfa,shuxitongxingqinrandetuchuanbinghai,danyiketongguozhongzichuanbo。turang、糞肥或種子上越冬的厚垣孢子是翌年初侵染源。北方自然條件下,厚垣孢子可在土壤中存活2~3nian。houyuanbaozimengfahou,zaiyumiyoumiaoqiqinru,zhujiandaodashengchangdian。suiyumizhizhushengchangfayu,jinruhuayahesuibu,bingzuizhongxianzhengzaochengweihai。gaibingyizailengliangdiqufabing,yumilianzuoshijianchang、土壤幹旱、溫度低、玉米出苗緩慢均有利於該病的發生。
yumisiheisuibingshijuechanxingbinghai,fabinglvdengyusunshilv,yinci,zaibeifangchunyumiquyaotebiezhongshigaibinghaidefangkonggongzuo。fangkongcuoshizhuyaobaokuoyixiajigefangmian:
(1)選用抗病品種。
(2)適期搶墒播種,防止出苗緩慢。
(3)施用充分腐熟的農家肥,防治肥料帶菌。
(4)做好種子包衣,藥劑可選用2%戊唑醇可濕性粉劑,或15%三唑酮可濕性粉劑,劑量為種子重量0.4%-0.6%。
(5)在發病早期及時拔除病株,顯症後在菌癭破裂前,徹底清除病株並深埋或燒毀,防止越冬孢子散落增加來年的病原基數。