蘋(ping)果(guo)著(zhe)色(se)首(shou)先(xian)是(shi)蘋(ping)果(guo)品(pin)種(zhong)自(zi)身(shen)特(te)性(xing)決(jue)定(ding)的(de),多(duo)受(shou)自(zi)身(shen)遺(yi)傳(chuan)基(ji)因(yin)控(kong)製(zhi)。果(guo)麵(mian)紅(hong)色(se)是(shi)叫(jiao)花(hua)青(qing)苷(gan)的(de)一(yi)類(lei)物(wu)質(zhi)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de),花(hua)青(qing)苷(gan)是(shi)果(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi),在(zai)果(guo)皮(pi)的(de)下(xia)表(biao)皮(pi)細(xi)胞(bao)中(zhong)生(sheng)物(wu)合(he)成(cheng)的(de)。蘋(ping)果(guo)著(zhe)色(se)程(cheng)度(du)是(shi)由(you)花(hua)青(qing)苷(gan)合(he)成(cheng)積(ji)累(lei)量(liang)的(de)多(duo)少(shao)及(ji)分(fen)布(bu)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)所(suo)決(jue)定(ding)的(de)。我(wo)們(men)看(kan)到(dao)蘋(ping)果(guo)果(guo)實(shi)有(you)條(tiao)紅(hong)、純紅、鮮紅、暗紅及紫紅等表現,是由於品種特性和栽培條件不同,花青苷在果實中合成分布規律及其它色素含量混合表現結果。
花hua青qing苷gan在zai表biao皮pi細xi胞bao中zhong合he成cheng積ji累lei及ji分fen布bu規gui律lv除chu受shou品pin種zhong特te性xing製zhi約yue外wai,多duo種zhong環huan境jing因yin素su和he栽zai培pei措cuo施shi也ye是shi影ying響xiang其qi合he成cheng的de必bi要yao條tiao件jian。沒mei有you良liang好hao的de外wai部bu條tiao件jian,再zai好hao的de蘋ping果guo品pin種zhong也ye不bu能neng生sheng產chan出chu豔yan麗li的de紅hong色se果guo品pin。均jun衡heng的de營ying養yang供gong給gei是shi花hua青qing苷gan合he成cheng的de基ji礎chu,果guo樹shu施shi用yong適shi度du的de氮dan肥fei,充chong足zu的de鉀jia肥fei有you利li促cu進jin果guo實shi著zhe色se。而er過guo量liang氮dan肥fei將jiang影ying響xiang果guo實shi著zhe色se不bu佳jia;光guang照zhao是shi影ying響xiang花hua青qing苷gan合he成cheng最zui重zhong要yao的de因yin子zi,光guang照zhao通tong過guo果guo實shi中zhong的de光guang受shou體ti啟qi動dong花hua青qing苷gan合he成cheng的de基ji因yin和he酶mei。照zhao射she紫zi外wai光guang的de果guo實shi著zhe色se最zui佳jia,可ke見jian光guang隻zhi微wei弱ruo著zhe色se,僅jin照zhao射she紅hong外wai光guang則ze幾ji乎hu不bu著zhe色se。因yin此ci,高gao海hai拔ba高gao緯wei度du地di區qu蘋ping果guo著zhe色se好hao其qi原yuan因yin就jiu在zai於yu光guang照zhao條tiao件jian好hao;溫度也是影響花青苷合成重要原因。首先溫度要滿足蘋果樹生長發育,開花結果的全過程,果實成熟期,一定範圍持續低溫、晝夜溫差較大有利於花青苷的合成和積累;果實成熟期,土壤濕度隻要滿足果樹正常生長,適當幹旱能促進花青苷形成,如果水分脅迫妨礙果實發育,花青苷合成必然削弱。
pingguotaodaijishushicujinhongfushipingguozhesejitigaowaiguanpinzhideyouxiaocuoshi。pingguotaodaicujinguoshizhesejizhishouxianshigaibianleguopixibaoneiguangshoutidenongdu,taodaiduiguangminsesuhanliangyouxianzhuyingxiang,congertigaolehuaqingganhechengxiaolv;二是套袋大大減少果皮中葉綠素含量,果實去袋後生成的花青苷在黃白果皮底色上表現得特別豔麗;三是套袋保持幼果在生長發育過程中免受風雨、烈日等不良環境因素的直接侵害,使果實表麵細嫩潔淨、果點稀小、果粉均勻。去袋著色後從光學角度自然也顯得更加光潔鮮豔;四是套袋有效地防止食心蟲、果鏽、煤汙病、輪lun紋wen病bing等deng病bing蟲chong害hai對dui果guo實shi的de浸jin染ran,同tong時shi又you避bi免mian了le農nong藥yao對dui果guo實shi的de直zhi接jie汙wu染ran。提ti高gao了le果guo實shi外wai觀guan品pin質zhi,促cu進jin了le果guo實shi著zhe色se,也ye是shi無wu公gong害hai綠lv色se食shi品pin生sheng產chan的de有you效xiao技ji術shu。蘋ping果guo套tao袋dai技ji術shu在zai推tui廣guang過guo程cheng中zhong也ye出chu現xian過guo不bu少shao問wen題ti。實shi踐jian表biao明ming,除chu了le使shi用yong合he格ge的de果guo袋dai、科學地操作外,還必須與規範地栽培技術配套進行,才能達到優質果品生產的目標。
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