一、獨幹樹。定幹後,隻有剪口芽抽生獨根枝條的獨幹樹,農民稱為“光棍樹”,屬極性強和成枝力弱的品種。表現尤為突出,補救方法是:
⑴ 環剝加目傷:“整形帶”內(即距地麵50-80厘米段)的芽完好飽滿的,在2月下旬至3月上旬,在80厘米高處進行環剝,環剝口寬2-3毫米,同時對“整形帶”內的芽行“上目傷”,即挨著芽尖下刀,深達木質部,橫刻兩刀長0.8-1厘米、寬1.5-2毫米,挑去中間皮層,呈現如眼睛的傷口;huoyongxiaogangjupianhengjuyixia,shendamuzhibu,cijifazhipeizhi。cifaduoyongyumuzhijiaoyingcuidepinzhonghuozhongxinganjiaocuwufalawandeshu。rubokouguokuanjianglaiyuhebuliang,xueruozhongxinganguozhongshi,kexuanbokouxiaxinfadeqiangwangzhidaitiyuanzhongxingan。
⑵ 拉枝加目傷:即把獨幹樹從“整形帶”拉彎下垂,再進行“上目傷”,促其發枝配置,同時輕截上端,用以“以幹改主”,即ji把ba中zhong心xin幹gan改gai造zao成cheng主zhu枝zhi,彎wan背bei上shang芽ya抽chou生sheng的de新xin枝zhi培pei養yang為wei中zhong心xin幹gan。如ru是shi木mu質zhi較jiao硬ying的de品pin種zhong,應ying在zai頭tou年nian初chu秋qiu趁chen枝zhi條tiao較jiao柔rou軟ruan時shi拉la枝zhi,次ci春chun再zai進jin行xing目mu傷shang和he短duan截jie,以yi免mian初chu春chun木mu質zhi較jiao硬ying脆cui時shi把ba枝zhi拉la斷duan。
二、shuangzhishu。dingganhouzhifalianggenzhitiaodeshu,bazhongxinganxiangquezhifangweilachui,mushangzuidangzhongdebeishangyaheyingpeizhuzhifangweideya,daiqifazhihou,yuanzhongxinganbeishangyafadezhi,peiyangweizhongxingan,xiabuyafadezhihelachuihoudezhongxingan,zuoweizhuzhi。rulachuizhiguoyupingchuishuairuo,keyongqianduanbeishangzhitihuan。
三、三枝樹。定幹後隻發3根枝條,或雖有4根枝條但方位不好的樹,同樣用拉垂中心幹和行“上目傷”處理。
四、腹接補枝。對“整形帶”內已無活芽,用中心幹上的芽培養主枝又會成為“高幹樹”的缺枝樹,2月份在缺枝部位,用同品種接穗進行“腹接”,並用接穗發生的枝培養成主枝。
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