在池塘、水庫中采用魚鵝立體化養殖,是一種家禽飼養與漁業綜合經營的立體化生態養殖模式。目前,這種模式在我國東部、中原及南方地區發展很快,並已收到了顯著的經濟效益和社會效益。據比較,同等條件下魚鵝綜合養殖魚、鵝單養提高經濟收益30%左右。
一、魚鵝立體化養殖的生物學依據
1.鵝是魚池全自動節能高效增氧機 魚yu鵝e混hun養yang時shi,養yang殖zhi人ren員yuan無wu需xu擔dan心xin天tian氣qi變bian化hua而er造zao成cheng的de水shui體ti缺que氧yang,因yin為wei一yi般ban繁fan育yu馴xun養yang的de鵝e對dui低di氣qi壓ya有you著zhe生sheng理li上shang的de條tiao件jian反fan射she,一yi旦dan遭zao遇yu氣qi候hou變bian化hua,它ta們men會hui爭zheng先xian恐kong後hou地di躍yue入ru水shui中zhong,洗xi澡zao追zhui逐zhu、youyixishua,zaochengshuihuafanteng,duiyuchizengyangxiaoguotebiehao。liyongequnxishuizengyangbubidanxinyintingdianzaochengdezengyangzhongduan,yebubidanxinloudianzaochengyiwaishigudengzhongdasunshi,ewanquankeyichengweiquanzidongjienenggaoxiaozengyangji。siyangeyonglaizengyang,suiranyicixingtouzigaoyugoumaizengyangji,danshizengyangjishiyongjinianhouzhinengbaofei,eryangebujinqudailejixiezengyangdexiaoguojieshengyongdiankaizhi,erqiedangniannenggeiyangzhihuchuangzaochugaoyugoumaiemiaoshitouziede3~5倍的利益回報。
2.鵝為養殖魚類提供優質餌料魚鵝立體養殖,有效利用了水體空間,池塘中水藻、水shui草cao等deng水shui中zhong生sheng物wu可ke供gong鵝e食shi,另ling外wai,鵝e為wei食shi草cao性xing禽qin類lei,鵝e糞fen內nei營ying養yang物wu質zhi殘can留liu多duo,是shi雜za食shi性xing魚yu類lei的de餌er料liao,也ye是shi池chi塘tang浮fu遊you生sheng物wu的de優you質zhi肥fei料liao。如ru將jiang鵝e糞fen散san入ru池chi塘tang,經jing微wei生sheng,物wu分fen解jie供gong魚yu進jin食shi,不bu僅jin可ke節jie省sheng飼si料liao,而er且qie也ye降jiang低di了le養yang殖zhi成cheng本ben。可ke見jian,每mei隻zhi鵝e都dou是shi一yi部bu肥fei料liao到dao魚yu料liao的de轉zhuan換huan器qi。魚yu一yi鵝e結jie合he,1隻鵝年產糞120~150kg,可轉化成魚5kg,每1/15公頃擴水麵可配養50~60隻鵝。
3.魚池為養鵝提供清、潔jie環huan境jing鵝e是shi水shui禽qin,喜xi水shui是shi鵝e的de天tian性xing,成cheng年nian種zhong鵝e在zai水shui中zhong配pei種zhong的de成cheng功gong率lv也ye要yao明ming顯xian高gao於yu在zai地di麵mian配pei種zhong的de效xiao果guo。水shui麵mian放fang養yang鵝e在zai夏xia季ji可ke降jiang低di其qi體ti溫wen,使shi其qi保bao持chi良liang好hao的de精jing神shen和he食shi欲yu,這zhe樣yang一yi方fang麵mian可ke減jian少shao鵝e的de病bing害hai的de發fa生sheng,同tong時shi也ye在zai很hen大da程cheng度du上shang改gai善shan了le水shui體ti的de養yang殖zhi條tiao件jian。在zai一yi定ding意yi義yi上shang,魚yu池chi為wei養yang鵝e提ti供gong了le清qing潔jie的de環huan境jing,也ye起qi到dao保bao健jian作zuo用yong。
二、魚、鵝綜合養殖的形式
1.塘外養鵝 zaiyutangfujindajianeshe,shewaisheedehuodongchangsuohefeishuichi。meitianjiangefenheepojiandesiliaosaoruhuodongchizhong,ranhoutongguofeishuichidezhamenbafeishuiliuruyuchi。tangwaiyangebianyuguanli,danbunengchongfenfahuiyuyuedehuliguanxi。
2.魚、鵝聯養 zaiyuchidedigengshangjianeshe,yongbufendimianhechipozuoedehuodongchang,yuchiyipangyongwangpianweiyidingmianjiyuchizuoedeyouyongchang,shuizhongdegongwangbugongdaodi,yigongyuleicongwangdiyourusheshi。zheyangjiaozhijiangefangzaiquanchihuodongweijia,yinqiduiyuganraojiaoxiao,yebianyuguanli,yibanshangwanggaochushuimian40~50cm,下部距離水底40cm。養鵝的密度為鵝舍和活動場平均3~5隻,遊泳場2~3隻。魚、鵝聯養中鵝的配養數,主要決定於鵝的排糞量。一般1隻鵝年產糞為120~150kg,故每1/15公頃可配養50~60隻鵝。
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