近幾年來,植酸酶在飼料中得到了廣泛的應用。
在植酸酶的生產技術中,國內植酸酶的生產發酵酶活已經達到了國際先進水平,有的甚至遠遠超過國外;作為後加工工藝,國內的植酸酶生產廠家也取得了顯著的進步。
目前國內植酸酶後加工方式主要有吸附幹燥、噴霧幹燥、製粒、包衣方式。
xifuganzaoshiguoneizhisuanmeizuizaodeshengchanfangshi。dangshiguoneidezhisuanmeigongyeganggangqibu,fajiaomeihuohaitingliuzaijiaodideshuipingyuzhipeitao,caiyongxifuganzaofangfashengchandimeihuochanpin,shizuijingjideshengchanfangshi,yeshidangqiandimeihuochanpindezhuyaoshengchanfangshi。xifuganzao,shijiangfajiaoyeheyumixinfenanyidingdebilihunhe,caiyongliangbufaqiliuganzao。diyibucaiyong130℃的熱空氣,10秒鍾幹燥;第二步采用60℃-80℃的空氣,10秒(miao)鍾(zhong)幹(gan)燥(zao)。這(zhe)樣(yang)既(ji)保(bao)證(zheng)了(le)植(zhi)酸(suan)酶(mei)的(de)快(kuai)速(su)脫(tuo)水(shui),又(you)保(bao)證(zheng)了(le)酶(mei)活(huo)損(sun)失(shi)較(jiao)低(di)。吸(xi)附(fu)幹(gan)燥(zao)的(de)產(chan)品(pin),受(shou)發(fa)酵(jiao)酶(mei)活(huo)和(he)載(zai)體(ti)影(ying)響(xiang)大(da)。必(bi)須(xu)做(zuo)好(hao)品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)控(kong)製(zhi),保(bao)證(zheng)載(zai)體(ti)的(de)水(shui)分(fen),粒(li)度(du),顏(yan)色(se)。吸(xi)附(fu)幹(gan)燥(zao)法(fa)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)產(chan)品(pin),成(cheng)本(ben)較(jiao)低(di),但(dan)植(zhi)酸(suan)酶(mei)的(de)分(fen)子(zi)與(yu)外(wai)界(jie)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu),在(zai)飼(si)料(liao)中(zhong)保(bao)存(cun)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)如(ru)製(zhi)粒(li)和(he)包(bao)膜(mo)型(xing)的(de)植(zhi)酸(suan)酶(mei)一(yi)般(ban)適(shi)用(yong)於(yu)對(dui)飼(si)料(liao)保(bao)存(cun)時(shi)間(jian)要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)高(gao)、飼料保存溫度和濕度環境較好的場所。
噴霧幹燥是目前國內高酶活產品的主要生產方式。例如2500U/g,5000U/g的(de)產(chan)品(pin),生(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)將(jiang)發(fa)酵(jiao)液(ye)和(he)載(zai)體(ti)按(an)一(yi)定(ding)比(bi)例(li)混(hun)合(he)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)膏(gao)糊(hu)液(ye),在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)壓(ya)力(li)下(xia)通(tong)過(guo)噴(pen)頭(tou),分(fen)散(san)成(cheng)小(xiao)液(ye)滴(di)。這(zhe)些(xie)液(ye)滴(di)在(zai)熱(re)空(kong)氣(qi)氣(qi)流(liu)中(zhong)瞬(shun)間(jian)脫(tuo)水(shui),形(xing)成(cheng)顆(ke)粒(li)狀(zhuang)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)。由(you)於(yu)是(shi)瞬(shun)間(jian)脫(tuo)水(shui),酶(mei)活(huo)損(sun)失(shi)少(shao)。同(tong)時(shi)通(tong)過(guo)調(tiao)整(zheng)發(fa)酵(jiao)液(ye)和(he)載(zai)體(ti)的(de)比(bi)例(li),可(ke)以(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)出(chu)不(bu)同(tong)濃(nong)縮(suo)比(bi)例(li)的(de)植(zhi)酸(suan)酶(mei)產(chan)品(pin)。噴(pen)霧(wu)幹(gan)燥(zao)法(fa)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)產(chan)品(pin),在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)應(ying)屬(shu)於(yu)第(di)二(er)代(dai)產(chan)品(pin)。具(ju)有(you)外(wai)觀(guan)較(jiao)美(mei)觀(guan),流(liu)散(san)性(xing)較(jiao)好(hao),酶(mei)活(huo)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)優(you)點(dian)。使(shi)用(yong)到(dao)飼(si)料(liao)中(zhong),能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)更(geng)大(da)的(de)配(pei)方(fang)空(kong)間(jian)。缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),粒(li)度(du)不(bu)易(yi)控(kong)製(zhi),使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)。同(tong)時(shi),和(he)吸(xi)附(fu)幹(gan)燥(zao)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)類(lei)似(si),植(zhi)酸(suan)酶(mei)分(fen)子(zi)與(yu)外(wai)界(jie)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu),在(zai)飼(si)料(liao)中(zhong)容(rong)易(yi)受(shou)到(dao)其(qi)他(ta)成(cheng)分(fen)影(ying)響(xiang),保(bao)存(cun)方(fang)麵(mian)存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)問(wen)題(ti)。
隨sui著zhe國guo內nei植zhi酸suan酶mei技ji術shu水shui平ping的de提ti升sheng,國guo內nei企qi業ye已yi成cheng功gong生sheng產chan微wei丸wan和he包bao衣yi劑ji型xing的de植zhi酸suan酶mei。微wei丸wan和he包bao衣yi型xing植zhi酸suan酶mei的de問wen世shi,標biao誌zhi著zhe國guo內nei植zhi酸suan酶mei的de後hou加jia工gong工gong藝yi達da到dao國guo際ji先xian進jin水shui平ping。微wei丸wan型xing植zhi酸suan酶mei是shi將jiang處chu理li過guo後hou的de發fa酵jiao液ye和he載zai體ti按an一yi定ding比bi例li混hun合he,通tong過guo低di溫wen成cheng型xing,幹gan燥zao後hou得de到dao產chan品pin。相xiang當dang於yu將jiang植zhi酸suan酶mei分fen子zi封feng閉bi於yu若ruo幹gan的de小xiao區qu內nei,隔ge離li了le分fen子zi與yu外wai界jie的de接jie觸chu,更geng有you利li於yu植zhi酸suan酶mei的de保bao存cun。由you於yu保bao證zheng了le產chan品pin粒li度du分fen布bu和he顆ke粒li數shu,植zhi酸suan酶mei也ye更geng容rong易yi在zai飼si料liao中zhong分fen布bu均jun勻yun。使shi用yong過guo程cheng中zhong也ye不bu再zai有you粉fen塵chen的de問wen題ti。微wei丸wan型xing植zhi酸suan酶mei技ji術shu關guan鍵jian是shi載zai體ti的de選xuan擇ze和he幹gan燥zao方fang式shi。載zai體ti的de選xuan擇ze上shang,首shou先xian要yao求qiu製zhi出chu的de顆ke粒li有you一yi定ding的de硬ying度du,且qie顆ke粒li在zai水shui中zhong能neng迅xun速su崩beng解jie,釋shi放fang出chu其qi中zhong的de植zhi酸suan酶mei分fen子zi,發fa揮hui作zuo用yong。其qi次ci,所suo選xuan擇ze的de載zai體ti,必bi需xu保bao證zheng在zai飼si料liao中zhong的de穩wen定ding性xing。保bao證zheng混hun合he入ru飼si料liao後hou,不bu會hui與yu飼si料liao產chan生sheng相xiang互hu作zuo用yong,影ying響xiang到dao植zhi酸suan酶mei的de穩wen定ding性xing。最zui後hou,因yin為wei載zai體ti對dui酶mei活huo是shi有you影ying響xiang的de,載zai體ti的de確que定ding需xu要yao經jing過guo很hen多duo的de計ji算suan和he試shi驗yan,才cai能neng得de出chu正zheng確que的de結jie果guo。微wei丸wan型xing植zhi酸suan酶mei質zhi量liang的de評ping價jia指zhi標biao,包bao括kuo單dan位wei重zhong量liang的de顆ke粒li數shu和he粒li度du分fen布bu情qing況kuang。單dan位wei重zhong量liang的de顆ke粒li數shu,說shuo明ming了le微wei丸wan在zai飼si料liao中zhong的de分fen布bu能neng力li。假jia如ru顆ke粒li數shu少shao,那na麼me加jia入ru飼si料liao後hou很hen難nan保bao證zheng分fen布bu均jun勻yun。顆ke粒li數shu越yue多duo,在zai飼si料liao中zhong各ge個ge部bu分fen分fen布bu的de機ji會hui才cai會hui越yue大da,才cai能neng保bao證zheng植zhi酸suan酶mei在zai飼si料liao中zhong分fen布bu均jun勻yun,才cai能neng保bao證zheng動dong物wu的de飼si喂wei效xiao果guo。粒li度du分fen布bu情qing況kuang,說shuo明ming了le產chan品pin粒li度du大da小xiao的de均jun勻yun度du。粒li度du越yue集ji中zhong,說shuo明ming產chan品pin粒li度du越yue均jun勻yun,混hun合he入ru飼si料liao時shi,能neng更geng好hao的de保bao證zheng植zhi酸suan酶mei在zai飼si料liao中zhong的de分fen布bu。
包(bao)衣(yi)是(shi)將(jiang)成(cheng)型(xing)後(hou)的(de)顆(ke)粒(li)植(zhi)酸(suan)酶(mei)采(cai)用(yong)包(bao)衣(yi)劑(ji),在(zai)表(biao)麵(mian)形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)層(ceng)堅(jian)固(gu)而(er)易(yi)溶(rong)的(de)薄(bo)膜(mo),使(shi)植(zhi)酸(suan)酶(mei)顆(ke)粒(li)與(yu)外(wai)界(jie)的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)和(he)水(shui)分(fen)隔(ge)離(li)。更(geng)利(li)於(yu)植(zhi)酸(suan)酶(mei)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding),耐(nai)高(gao)溫(wen)水(shui)平(ping)也(ye)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)提(ti)高(gao),使(shi)用(yong)範(fan)圍(wei)更(geng)廣(guang)。包(bao)衣(yi)劑(ji)分(fen)為(wei)水(shui)溶(rong)性(xing)和(he)脂(zhi)溶(rong)性(xing)兩(liang)類(lei)。最(zui)好(hao)能(neng)選(xuan)用(yong)水(shui)溶(rong)性(xing)包(bao)衣(yi)劑(ji),保(bao)證(zheng)在(zai)消(xiao)化(hua)道(dao)中(zhong)能(neng)快(kuai)速(su)溶(rong)解(jie),釋(shi)放(fang)出(chu)其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)植(zhi)酸(suan)酶(mei)。如(ru)使(shi)用(yong)脂(zhi)溶(rong)性(xing)包(bao)衣(yi)劑(ji),比(bi)如(ru)各(ge)類(lei)脂(zhi)肪(fang)或(huo)硬(ying)脂(zhi)酸(suan)鹽(yan),一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)需(xu)經(jing)脂(zhi)肪(fang)酶(mei)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong),才(cai)能(neng)大(da)量(liang)釋(shi)放(fang);另ling一yi方fang麵mian,脂zhi肪fang或huo硬ying脂zhi酸suan鹽yan在zai飼si料liao中zhong容rong易yi被bei氧yang化hua,影ying響xiang植zhi酸suan酶mei的de存cun留liu率lv。包bao衣yi過guo程cheng必bi須xu在zai表biao麵mian形xing成cheng堅jian固gu的de膜mo,具ju有you防fang潮chao,隔ge絕jue空kong氣qi的de作zuo用yong,這zhe就jiu要yao對dui包bao衣yi的de時shi間jian、工藝提出具體的要求。
對於包衣植酸酶產品質量的評價,單位重量顆粒數和粒度分布與顆粒植酸酶類似,包衣是否完全,需要使用顯微鏡鏡檢。
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