中(zhong)國(guo)近(jin)年(nian)的(de)快(kuai)速(su)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)給(gei)畜(chu)牧(mu)業(ye)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)消(xiao)費(fei)市(shi)場(chang)

，壯(zhuang)大(da)了(le)國(guo)內(nei)養(yang)殖(zhi)業(ye)的(de)規(gui)模(mo)
，同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)催(cui)生(sheng)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)急(ji)劇(ju)膨(peng)脹(zhang)的(de)物(wu)流(liu)與(yu)人(ren)流(liu)。但(dan)對(dui)於(yu)動(dong)物(wu)疫(yi)病(bing)防(fang)控(kong)而(er)言(yan)，這(zhe)恰(qia)恰(qia)是(shi)打(da)開(kai)了(le)急(ji)性(xing)疫(yi)病(bing)病(bing)原(yuan)傳(chuan)播(bo)的(de)潘(pan)多(duo)拉(la)之(zhi)盒(he)，使(shi)病(bing)原(yuan)能(neng)輕(qing)鬆(song)地(di)穿(chuan)越(yue)時(shi)空(kong)阻(zu)隔(ge)，發(fa)生(sheng)大(da)範(fan)圍(wei)的(de)傳(chuan)播(bo)。2013年的H7N9禽流感給中國的養禽業帶來近200億元的損失
，2014年初至今，國內已有新疆
、甘肅、寧夏、內蒙、遼寧、山東
、湖南等省

、自治區先後發生小反芻獸疫疫情，給當地的養羊業幾乎帶來滅頂之災

，至今疫病防控形勢依然嚴峻。

慘can痛tong的de養yang禽qin業ye損sun失shi震zhen驚jing了le畜chu牧mu業ye科ke研yan人ren員yuan及ji疫yi病bing防fang控kong官guan員yuan，大da家jia紛fen紛fen為wei類lei似si事shi件jian的de處chu理li方fang案an獻xian計ji獻xian策ce。其qi中zhong一yi種zhong建jian議yi是shi全quan國guo大da中zhong城cheng市shi禁jin止zhi活huo禽qin銷xiao售shou，全quan部bu改gai為wei凍dong雞ji。按an此ci邏luo輯ji，當dang2014niandexiaofanchushouyixilai
，yexuhaiyaotuixingdongyang？muqianchumuyezhongbubing，niujiehe，koutiyidefangkongyalihenda
，feizhouzhuwendengliexingyibingyeyoutupojianyifangxiandefengxian，shifouhaiyaotuixingdongniudongzhune
？qishijixingdongwuyibingdechuanboshi“凍”不住的

，也不是簡單一個“殺”字(zi)能(neng)處(chu)理(li)。畢(bi)竟(jing)民(min)以(yi)食(shi)為(wei)天(tian)，撲(pu)殺(sha)過(guo)度(du)可(ke)能(neng)引(yin)起(qi)中(zhong)國(guo)肉(rou)食(shi)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)波(bo)動(dong)，帶(dai)來(lai)社(she)會(hui)民(min)眾(zhong)的(de)反(fan)彈(dan)。古(gu)代(dai)大(da)禹(yu)治(zhi)水(shui)疏(shu)而(er)不(bu)堵(du)，成(cheng)就(jiu)了(le)一(yi)段(duan)曆(li)史(shi)傳(chuan)說(shuo)。急(ji)性(xing)動(dong)物(wu)疫(yi)病(bing)的(de)防(fang)控(kong)，該(gai)考(kao)慮(lv)選(xuan)擇(ze)合(he)適(shi)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)防(fang)控(kong)工(gong)具(ju)，而(er)不(bu)是(shi)一(yi)味(wei)的(de)封(feng)堵(du)與(yu)撲(pu)殺(sha)。

急(ji)性(xing)疫(yi)病(bing)襲(xi)來(lai)之(zhi)時(shi)，源(yuan)頭(tou)控(kong)製(zhi)與(yu)傳(chuan)播(bo)阻(zu)斷(duan)是(shi)最(zui)優(you)先(xian)考(kao)慮(lv)的(de)事(shi)項(xiang)，但(dan)目(mu)前(qian)在(zai)這(zhe)兩(liang)個(ge)環(huan)節(jie)都(dou)存(cun)在(zai)疫(yi)病(bing)確(que)診(zhen)遲(chi)滯(zhi)問(wen)題(ti)
，導(dao)致(zhi)在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)執(zhi)行(xing)中(zhong)往(wang)往(wang)發(fa)生(sheng)一(yi)定(ding)問(wen)題(ti)，進(jin)而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)更(geng)大(da)的(de)損(sun)失(shi)。2013年的H7N9事件中

，3月初上海發生首例病人患者死亡事件，4月4日由哈獸研分離出病毒，而此後的一定時間內
，各地疫控部門紛紛表示沒有能力檢測H7N9。為了保障民眾健康，維護社會穩定，4月4日起
，上海南京開始關閉活禽市場
，禁止活禽交易
，有的地方還對活禽進行了撲殺
，隨後各個省市紛紛跟進
，從而拉開了家禽業200億損失的序幕。

目前通用的獸醫診斷技術中
，免疫學試劑缺乏時效性和準確性，熒光PCRjiancewangwangjizhongzaidazhongchengshishiyanshi
，wufazaixianchangjiejuewenti。jinniannongyebuduiguoneiyangzhiyezhongshouroujinglanyongwentixingledalizhengzhi

，zhijinshouxiaomingxian。zaizhongduodejijiyinsuzhong，shouroujingjiaotijinshizhidezuoyongburonghushi。tashiguangdajicenggongzuorenyuannenggouzaishouroujingshiyongyuantou
，shengzhujiqiroupinliutonghuanjiejinxingxianchangjiance，shishouroujingweifashiyongzhechuyusuishibeifaxianbingchufadejingdi，zhenzhengdiezhizhuletamenlanyongdejiaoxingxinli。

anzhaomuqiandongwuyibingzhenduanjishujixiangguancaozuoliucheng，yibingfashengdidejicengshouyiyikongdanweiquefabingyuanzhenduanshouduan，xuyaojiangcaijideyangpinbaosongshengdijiyikongdanwei，zhongdadongwuyibinghaiyaozaizhuansongguojiabiaozhunshiyanshiquezhen。yibingquezhenchizhideshijianzhong，yibingyuantouwufashishiyouxiaodekongzhicuoshi
，zhejiangdaozhibingyuandechixukuosan，yerongyichuxianzhengfupoyushehuiyaliercaiqukuodahuaxingwei。H7N9事shi件jian中zhong活huo禽qin交jiao易yi被bei多duo地di政zheng府fu禁jin止zhi的de同tong時shi
，卻que並bing沒mei有you發fa生sheng養yang禽qin業ye及ji家jia禽qin屠tu宰zai業ye內nei工gong作zuo人ren員yuan感gan染ran致zhi病bing率lv明ming顯xian上shang升sheng的de報bao道dao，因yin此ci不bu能neng不bu說shuo禁jin止zhi活huo禽qin交jiao易yi是shi一yi個ge擴kuo大da化hua的de措cuo施shi。如ru基ji層ceng單dan位wei能neng采cai用yong膠jiao體ti金jin試shi紙zhi類lei似si的de病bing原yuan診zhen斷duan試shi劑ji，也ye許xu就jiu能neng避bi免mian出chu台tai禁jin止zhi活huo禽qin交jiao易yi這zhe個ge措cuo施shi， 取而代之以有效的病原監測措施，該能減少養禽業這麼慘痛的損失。

隨著國家對疫病防控的投入重視，核酸分子診斷技術如PCRyijingzaiguoneideshengdijidongwuyibingkongzhizhongxinchubupuji，danjianyuqiyiqidejiaogaochengbenjicaozuojishudefuzaxing
，gaijishuwufajinyibupujidaojicengshouyizhanjiyangzhichang。所幸生物技術的迅猛發展催生了xianchangfenzizhenduanjishu，gaijishudeguanjianzaiyuhesuanhengwenkuozengjishudechengshufazhan。qijinbuzhuyaotixianzailianggefangmian
，yifangmianjiangdileyiqichengbenjicaozuodefuzaxing，lingyifangmianjianhualehesuanxinhaodepandu。muqianguoneikaifachuleduozhongxianchangfenzizhenduanjishu，congpeizhikeyifenweilianglei：一類是以核酸恒溫擴增儀器為基礎，通過核酸擴增的熒光信號判讀結果。這種診斷技術的恒溫擴增儀相比熒光PCR儀，操作簡便，體積較小，其儀器價格也有望低於熒光PCR儀yi，適shi合he作zuo為wei現xian場chang分fen子zi診zhen斷duan工gong具ju。另ling一yi類lei現xian場chang分fen子zi診zhen斷duan試shi劑ji以yi金jin屬shu浴yu為wei恒heng溫wen擴kuo增zeng工gong具ju
，在zai擴kuo增zeng產chan物wu密mi閉bi的de情qing況kuang下xia通tong過guo目mu視shi判pan讀du結jie果guo。這zhe種zhong診zhen斷duan試shi劑ji操cao作zuo簡jian單dan
，判pan讀du方fang便bian，其qi儀yi器qi配pei置zhi費fei用yong大da大da低di於yu普pu通tongPCR
，更適合於基層單位進行現場分子診斷。目視判讀方法也有兩種：一種是在反應管中對恒溫擴增（如LAMP）產物直接進行熒光染色後通過肉眼判讀結果，這類方法以廣州華峰生物為代表，致力於水產及病原微生物檢測的推廣；另一種是將恒溫擴增的產物通過膠體金試紙的免疫層析顯色判讀結果，這類方法以上海快靈生物的基因試紙卡係列產品為代表
，致力於動物疫病診斷方向的推廣。

jixingyibingfashengshiyiqudexianchangfenzizhenduanguranzhongyao
，lingyigezhongyaohuanjierongyibeihushi
，najiushichuqinjichuqinroupindeyunshuliutonghuanjie。yangzhichangbijingfenbuzaijiaoqujicunye，yibingjibianfashengle，yerongyicaiqucuoshikongzhibingyuancongyangzhichangchuanbokuosanchuqu。yunshuliutongzhongdechuqinjiqiroupinxiedaidebingyuanzeshiyibingkuosandeguanjianhuanjie。jinguanjinruyunshuliutonghuanjieqiandechuqinjiqiroupinyenengjinxingxianchangfenzizhenduan
，jiangdibingyuanchuanbodefengxian。danjianyuchuqindequntishuliangjuda，yibanzhinengzhixingyidingbilichoujian，tongshidongwuquntizhongyinxingganranhuochuqiganrandebingyuankenengfashengloujian

，yincijinruyunshuliutonghuanjiedechuqinhaixuzaicijinxingxianchangfenzizhenduan。muqianduogedachengshiyangezhixingleduiliurujimaoshichangdechuqinjianyijianguan。danmuqianchuyugaijianguanhuanjiedejianyirenyuanzhenduanshouduanyouxian，jihumeiyoujinxingxianchangbingyuanjiancedeshiyantiaojian。yincijinkuaipeizhixianchangfenzizhenduanshijidaogejidongwujianyizhan，shijixingdongwuyibingfangkongdezhongyaobaozhang。

中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)國(guo)情(qing)決(jue)定(ding)了(le)動(dong)物(wu)疫(yi)病(bing)防(fang)控(kong)形(xing)勢(shi)的(de)嚴(yan)峻(jun)性(xing)
，在(zai)國(guo)家(jia)通(tong)過(guo)強(qiang)化(hua)疫(yi)苗(miao)免(mian)疫(yi)進(jin)行(xing)預(yu)防(fang)控(kong)製(zhi)的(de)同(tong)時(shi)，更(geng)靈(ling)敏(min)更(geng)特(te)異(yi)的(de)診(zhen)斷(duan)技(ji)術(shu)也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)優(you)先(xian)支(zhi)持(chi)發(fa)展(zhan)。現(xian)場(chang)分(fen)子(zi)診(zhen)斷(duan)技(ji)術(shu)是當代生物醫學發展的重要前沿領域之一
，也是增速最快的生物診斷子領域。生sheng物wu診zhen斷duan產chan業ye是shi我wo國guo在zai國guo際ji上shang少shao數shu能neng與yu西xi方fang國guo家jia處chu於yu同tong級ji別bie水shui平ping的de行xing業ye。但dan獸shou用yong診zhen斷duan試shi劑ji至zhi今jin是shi我wo國guo相xiang對dui空kong白bai薄bo弱ruo的de領ling域yu，政zheng府fu相xiang關guan單dan位wei需xu要yao有you前qian瞻zhan的de眼yan光guang，大da力li支zhi持chi現xian場chang分fen子zi診zhen斷duan技ji術shu在zai動dong物wu疫yi病bing診zhen斷duan的de跨kua越yue式shi發fa展zhan，加jia快kuai建jian設she從cong農nong業ye部bu到dao各ge基ji層ceng單dan位wei的de疫yi病bing病bing原yuan分fen子zi診zhen斷duan防fang控kong體ti係xi，形xing成cheng分fen子zi診zhen斷duan試shi劑ji在zai獸shou用yong診zhen斷duan試shi劑ji中zhong的de後hou發fa優you勢shi，相xiang信xin重zhong大da動dong物wu疫yi病bing的de防fang控kong前qian景jing將jiang更geng有you希xi望wang。